Research On Hybrid Of Chinese-Western Architecture In Jinzhong Region,Shanxi Province

Jinzhong pre-modern architecture takes up a special place in the pre-modern architectural history of Shanxi,it is mainly reflected in the following aspects.First of all,Jinzhong is not only one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization,but also the hometown of Shanxi merchants who lead the trend of the development of China's finance and commerce in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Years of business experience makes this area become more tolerant to accept new things,besides,its abundant capital lays foundation for the construction of more fancy pre-modern architecture.Second,Shitai Railway,Taijiao Railway,Nantongpu Railway,Beitongpu Railway are four major railway lines in Shanxi,three of which cross Jinzhong and were built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty,opening to traffic of railway not only speed up the development of construction industry along the railway,but also indirectly promoted the modernization construction of Jinzhong.Third,Shanxi is the endsville industrial province in pre-modern inland,among the three major industrial cities(Taiyuan,Datong,Jinzhong)in pre-modern Shanxi,Jinzhong is the only one eatablished itself in light industry,Jinhua textile mill contributed most to it.Fourth,Taigu county,Jinzhong is the hometown of Kong Xiangxi--one of China's four major bureaucrats and compradors,Kong Xiangxi himself played a crucial role in the pre-modern architectural history of Jinzhong,his political influence,experience of studying abroad,commercial mind,construction of many large-scale projects made difference to Jinzhong.Fifth,Jinzhong traditional dwellings are famous overseas,and are different from Chinese traditional dwellings and Shanxi traditional houses,pre-modern hybrid of Chinese-Western architecture in Jinzhong partly inherits and develops this feature.This paper discusses the issue of "pre-modern hybrid of Chinese-Western architecture in Jinzhong" by means of literature consultation,field research,field survey and mapping,analysis and comparison,generalization and summary and so on.Regional characteristics of Jinzhong is analyzed.Built environment with regional characteristics was created under the joint influence of geography,politics and culture in pre-modernJinzhong.New buildings built in this environment are the products of Chinese and Western cultural collision.By classifying and summarizing the communication channels of Chinese and Western culture in pre-modern Jinzhong,the author generalizes the historical stages of pre-modern hybrid of Chinese-Western architecture in Jinzhong,and sums up relatively fancy architectural sites,among them,Changning town fair,Taiguxiang warehouse,Jinhua textile mills,Jin Tong flower shop and other typical cases with Jinzhong characteristics are analyzed in detail.Finally,it generalizes and summarizes the characteristics of research object.Characteristics of hybrid of Chinese-Western architecture in Jinzhong region are mainly reflected in the cultural collision,but also reflected in mutual compromise and tolerance.First of all,in term of architectural type,pre-modern Jinzhong was influenced by Western culture which resulted in many new architectural types,such as churches,hospitals,industrial architecture and so on.Second,in term of architectural form,most architecture were localized,few copied western form absolutely,however,over time,western form gradually predominated,for instance,architectural layout has transformed from the courtyard layout to liberal layout.What's more,in term of decorative style,western aesthetics prevailed,but compromised on Chinese traditional creating means,so architecture tends to look like western ones in the surface,but the decorative details and creating ways are filled with more Chinese traditional elements.Finally,architectural technology made many new breakthroughs in this period,including using new structures,choosing new materials,using new architectural equipment.In short,new buildings in this period fully embodies the infusion of Chinese and Western culture.During the research process of pre-modern architectural history of Shanxi,scholars carried out systematical and comprehensive research and exploration on various types of architecture respectively,almost all types of pre-modern architecture of Shanxi are covered.But there are some defects in the regional systematic research which only covers pre-modern architecture of Datong.This paper serves as a supplement to the pre-modern architectural history of Shanxi,but also provides a reference for research on inland regional architecture.The phase of protection and recycle of pre-modern architecture lacks reliable government support and protective teams,this paper can provide information support for possible repair and protection in the future.