Urban Design For Transformation Of Nanjing Daishan Social Housing Communities

In order to solve the housing difficulties of low-income urban families,China began to build large-scale and centralized construction of affordable housing in 2010.This is a key housing project during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period.The current large-scale suburban settlements have a trend of building getting larger.They have emerged in many first and second tier cities such as Shanghai,Beijing,Guangzhou,Nanjing and Tianjin and are increasingly becoming a new type of settlement.Similar to urban housing,the construction of affordable housing has used the residential design model originating from the era of planned economy for many years.This model is deeply influenced by the idea of "functional partition" in modernism,emphasizing the purification of functional zoning,and aiming at simply solving the problem of living.It is a closed system that is introverted and self-contained.Although we are still relying on strong government forces from the top down,high economic development enthusiasm,and a weak civil society,we have written a housing strategy of"having a place to live".However,the simple,closed,rough,and profit-oriented settlement design has created a series of new social issues while solving the housing problem,which has led to a reflection on space justice:large-scale social housing projects always locate in the edge of the city.The remoteness of the site and the lack of supporting facilities have caused the suburbanization of the housing to be faster than the suburbanization of the industry,leading to urban spatial mismatch and unfairness of travel.There are many unemployed people,large numbers of elderly people,and large numbers of migrants in large-scale social housing residential areas.This has led to the concentration of marginalized groups and can easily lead to resident disparities and community stigmatization.At the same time,the "modernization" and "ordered" housing strategies are also constraining the bottom-up space production in the interior of the social housing communities.Through the tactical daily life practice of the low-income groups,the residential space is showing the characteristics of openness,informality,non-linearity,and fluidity.The bottom-up production of space has evolved an "informal"space of business,residence,work,and more.It has proved that the residential community model(enclosed structure)under the functionalist ideology is not the best choice for the construction and development of public housing in China at the current stage(at least not for low-income people),and the design of its residential areas needs openness.Concepts and spatial design techniques are used to give this kind of social space a spatial justice.This design is divided into seven chapters.The first chapter,starting from the research background and significance,relates to the design purpose,research method and framework of this study.Chapter 2 reveals that at the current stage,the dual world in which the residents of public housing communities in China live.Residents are unfairly placed in the closed space created by the local government strategy,and community residents in order to actively break the closure,took creative "life tactics"(hope)to practice an open space.The necessity and urgency of the openness of the settlements(especially public housing and residential areas under the context of regeneration)are derived.On this basis,the third chapter gives a theoretical response to the openness and justice after the post-modern period for the three major human settlement disciplines.A detailed explanation and an analysis of the case were made,and a space design approach based on sharing and creating mutual communion was valued.Based on the above considerations,the design part(Section 456)relies on the previous research basis to address the issues of closure and injustice that need to be solved in Daishan in large numbers—unfair traffic,industrial exclusion,and social life isolation,and conduct open renovation design.To explore the possibility of large-scale marginalized and secure housing in open space and fair space production at the material and space design level.