The Research On The Design Of Multifunctional Care Facilities For The Elderly From The Perspective Of Long-term Care

At present,China is accelerating into the era of population aging.It is expected that by 2050,the proportion of the elderly population in China will exceed 25% and enter the ultra-aging society.As a developing country,China is still advancing the process of urbanization.The long-term care system is still under construction.The problem of aging has been accompanied by social development and urban construction.Social problems have also become more acute."Getting rich before getting old" is one of the most significant issues in China's aging society.Due to the unequal socio-economic level and aging of the population,the elderly often overlook their own pension needs due to economic constraints.By the end of 2016,the proportion of elderly people over the age of 65 has exceeded 10% of the total population.The “Results of the Fourth Survey on the Living Conditions of Older Persons in Urban and Rural China” published in the same year shows that there are approximately 40.63 million disabled and partially disabled senior citizens in China,accounting for 18.3% of the elderly population.With the rapid transformation of the age structure of the population and the rapid decline of the family structure,the pressure on the traditional family care system has increased.Young people often do not have time to provide long-term care for their parents.The problem of long-term care for the elderly is severe.In response to this drama issue,the state proposed relevant policies for the establishment of a long-term care system: in 2017,the “13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Old-Aged Careers and the Endowment System of the State” was proposed to establish the “Old-age-based,community-based,institution-based,and hospital-based pension service system”.At the same time,Li Keqiang,Premier of the State Council,pointed out at the two national conferences in 2018 that “actively respond to the aging of the population,develop home,community and mutual support for the aged,promote the combination of medical care and health care,and improve the service quality of nursing homes.” At the same time,society has a large number of urgent needs for professional long-term care services,and it is urgent to build high-quality,multi-functional old-age care facilities.Although the national policy has given the society a certain direction of guidance,but the government's actual support is not enough,social forces can not afford to pay for the cost of old-age care facilities.How to make the old-age pension policy is still a question mark.From the perspective of building a long-term care system,this article first studies the construction of the old-age care system and the practice of old-age care facilities in China,and finds some of these problems.The concept of long-term care in China's long-term care system has not yet been clearly defined and promoted;the long-term care supply side has failed to make overall plans;the long-term care professionals are extremely scarce;and the long-term care facilities have been inadequately supplied,which is still under construction.The construction of old-age care facilities in China does not have a real grasp of the core needs,the distribution of facilities is uneven,the types of development are relatively single,the service model is not perfect,the construction of old-age care facilities is low,and the quality is poor;the operation of old-age care facilities is not professional enough.Next,a study was conducted on the development history and advanced experience of foreign long-term care system construction,and combined with actual cases of old-age care facilities,the characteristics of major facilities under the current diversified service system in various countries were summarized.The Netherlands focuses on centralized nursing homes,advocating unitary residential patterns and encouraging the elderly to live on their own.Germany's old-age care facilities are also mainly unit-based and focus on the shaping and introduction of the natural environment.At the same time,they are very concerned about a personalized service system.The regional integrated nursing care facilities in Japan draw on the Western model of long-term care,focusing on comprehensive coverage,small-scale,community-based and professional.The continuous development of Japanese old-age care facilities is also inextricably linked with the continuous refinement and improvement of the system and the training and supply of nursing staff.Based on the advanced experience and models of foreign countries,a new model for the construction of a comprehensive old-age care facility that meets the development of long-term care in China is proposed.Based on appropriate ageing and psychological care,the complex old-age care facilities have the features of diversified functions,small-scale,community-oriented positioning,service-level and network-based,systematization of parts,information platform,and high-efficiency operations.It also puts forward a principle of design orientation,base selection,and overall planning in the early stage,as well as key design points and combinations of various functions of the building.Finally,through the design of the Shoukai Enji Garden Project,the construction strategy and design points of the composite old-age care facilities are concrete,and a feasible and standardized construction plan is proposed.