The Research On The Design Of Regionalized Old-Care Facilities In The Urban Area Of Beijing

China has been suffering the aging problem since the 21 st century.China,as one of the countries in the world with the largest number of senior citizens and the fastest-growing proportion of elderly people,is faced by the following problems: the population is aging rapidly,the issue of empty nesters needs to be addressed urgently,those disabled and mentally-retarded senior citizens should be taken good care of,and so on.Thus,enormous challenges are posing to the traditional family-based old-care system and the mechanism of social service.In order to solve the old-care problem in the cities of China,the State Council issued the Several Opinions on Accelerating the Old-care Service Industry during the period of “The 12 th Five-Year Plan”(2011-2015),and rolled out a series of strategies as follows: in terms of legislation,“accelerate the building of elderly-friendly cities and livable communities for senior citizens”;in terms of community improvement,“encourage the old-fashioned communities to introduce familybased and miniaturized old-care facilities,so as to meet the needs of senior citizens”.Thereby,these policies and strategies mark a new round that the urban old-care system which was familybased and informal in the past,is updating to a new and standardized system,which is deeply rooted in the community.In the current old-care renovation of urban communities in China,due to the general lack of macro-coordination and land-use tension in community planning,it is often difficult to achieve the desired effect by introducing new old-care facilities.Thus,the functional replacement of idle space has gradually become a realistic choice for the construction of community-based old-care facilities.However,currently,in China,the related research is far from perfect in terms of transforming stock buildings into community-based old-care facilities and integrating the current social resources to set up an old-care service system.As the researchers devoted in the social old-care undertakings,we are at the crucial strategic period of “The 13 th Five-Year Plan”(2016-2020)when the projects of urban old care and social security reform are launched.It is urgent to conduct academic studies on the methods and strategies for building up community-based and regionalized old-care facilities.We will further improve the related laws,regulations and standards,and facilitate the materialization of various old-age projects,in order to make the vision of “community-based old care” come true.This article,from the perspective of community renewal,expounds the supply strategies and key points of the current community-based old-age facilities,including the following aspects.Firstly,with the current communities in the central areas of Beijing as the object,the data on the spatial layout,utilization and building scale of community-based old-care facilities as well as the service needs of senior citizens and so on is collected and summarized,by means of surveying and photographing,which serves as the basis for the construction of old-care facilities.Secondly,the comparable analysis is conducted on both the old-care needs of senior citizens in urban communities in China and the current situation of community-based old-care facilities.Thirdly,combined with the data which is obtained from the survey of the old-age facilities in Beijing,the daunting challenges posing to the current construction of communitybased old-age facilities are summarized.Furthermore,the analysis is conducted on the related policies,history and experience of the construction of old-age facilities in aging cities and regions both at home and abroad;the methods and characteristics of establishing the old-age facilities for the interest of senior citizens in urban communities in different countries are summarized.In recent years,Japan,in terms of its welfare policies,has learned from the long-term old-care system in the Western countries.In 2005,the concept of “Regionalized Old-care System” was proposed;miniaturized,regionalized and specialized facilities are encouraged in different cities by means of new construction and reconstruction,in order to provide effective service and support for local residents.In the 1990 s,South Korea,Japan and China,as the countries in East Asia,proposed to build up more family-based communities for senior citizens and create favorable environment for them to live an enjoyable life.The welfare facilities which were built many years ago have been transformed into old-care facilities in different cities,so as to make full use of urban resources and provide maximum family-based service for the elderly in the communities.Based on the research on the concepts and practical cases of building up the regionalized old-care facilities at home and abroad,this article proposes the strategies of the supply of regionalized old-care facilities in China.Finally,the above strategies are integrated.The methods for the architectural design of such regionalized old-care facilities as Tian Tao Oldcare Facility are proposed,a series of feasible construction plans are worked out,and the key points of spatial design and reconstruction model of regionalized old-care facilities are summarized.These render reference and reliable basis for the design and construction of the current community-based old-care facilities in the central areas of Beijing.