| Taking the natural wasteland slope with degraded vegetation, shrub-herb slope on exposed bedrock, terraces with slope formed by artificial explosion and attached soil terraces slope in gneiss site in Taihang mountainous area as the research objectives, we researched the soil physicochemical properties and the species composition on different site types in the area, compared reserving water and protecting fertilizer abilities of the natural degradation mountain and the terraces hill formed by artificial soil preparation and demonstrated a total of five afforestation techniques including vegetation bag afforestation on steep slope, scale-hole afforestation on shrub-herb slope, nutrition bowl afforestation on terrace slope, seeding afforestation on near natural slope area and building economic forests on artificial mesa to explore and summarize a suitable recovery mode and technology to provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and reconstruction technology selection and tree species configuration in this region.The results showed as below:? The 4 kinds of site types were all composed of shrub and herb. In terms of the shrub layer, the important values of Vitex chinensis Mill reached 94.00 and 96.86 respectively in natural degraded mountain land such as wasteland with degraded vegetation and shrub-herb slope, occupied the absolute dominant position in the shrub layer. The important values of Lespedeza floribunda Bunge and Vitex chinensis reached 86.57 and 76.36 respectively in terrace slope, were the main dominant species in the layer. On the terrace mesa, there were main artificial planting Lonicera japonica Thunb and Prunus davidiana Franch, and the important values were 69.64 and 12.83 respectively. The main herbaceous plants in the 4 kinds of site types were Cleistogenes Chinensis(Maxim.) Keng, Poa annua L., Medicago sativa L., Dendranthema chanetii(Lévl.) Shih, Cynanchum thesioides(Freyn) K. Schum, Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv, Chenopodium glaucum L. and so on. The ecological dominance index, species diversity index and evenness index of the shrub layer and herb layer were the same overall, there were: terrace slope > terrace mesa > wasteland slope > shrub-herb slope. In general, the species richness was low, composition structure was simple, and the species richness in herb layer was obviously higher than that in shrub layer, there were few low arbors, reflected that the vegetation was degraded seriously and the ecosystem was very fragile.? Soil density of 4 sites behaved as: terrace mesa(1.65 g/cm3) > shrub-herb slope(1.53 g/cm3> terrace slope(1.52 g/cm3) > wasteland slope(1.50g/cm3); total soil porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity of different sites all behaved as: terrace slope > wasteland slope > shrub-herb slope > terrace mesa. Soil density and soil porosity showed a negative correlation overall, it showed that artificial soil preparation could play a favorable role in improving soil pore structure; soil water-holding capacity behaved as: terrace slope > terrace mesa > wasteland slope > shrub-herb slope and the maximum water-holding capacity and capillary moisture of artificial soil preparation site type were 2 times as many as that of natural site type; soil steady infiltration rate behaved as: terrace slope(4.82mm/min) > terrace mesa(2.88mm/min) > wasteland slope(1.23mm/min) > shrub-herb slope(0.89mm/min), and that of artificial soil preparation site type was 2 to 4 times than that of natural site type.? Soil p H values of 4 sites were 6.5~8.0, in neutral or slight alkaline.The mean value of soil organic matter behaved as: wasteland slope(11.80g/kg) > shrub-herb slope(11.68g/kg) > terrace mesa(5.22g/kg) > terrace slope(4.35g/kg), and that of soil available nitrogen behaved as: wasteland slope(60.86mg/kg) > shrub-herb slope(47.13mg/kg) > terrace slope(19.82mg/kg) > terrace mesa(18.88mg/kg), both of them in natural site type were 2 to 4 times as high as that in artificial soil preparation site type indicated that artificial soil preparation caused mountain soil organic matter and alkali solution nitrogen hevelost. The content of total phosphorus behaved as: terraces on slope(1.27mg/kg) > terrace mesa(0.88g/kg) > shrub-herb slope(0.73g/kg) > slope wasteland(0.24g/kg)and terrace slope and terraces mesa of artificial soil preparation were higher than the natural bringing slope and slope of weeds. The average values of soil available p Hosp Horus behaved as: terrace mesa(28.42mg/kg) > slope wasteland(15.07mg/kg) > shrub-herb slope(14.50mg/kg)> terraces on slope(4.93mg/kg). The soil available potassium was 27.94~49.55mg/kg and the difference was not obvious between before and after the artificial soil preparation.? The effects of different vegetation restoration technologies were as follows.a.A year after the simple slope vegetation bag recovery technique was implemented, woven bag weathered seriously damaged, slope stability was not enough, sowing of Viola philippica Car and Orychophragmus violaceus in February were 33.4% and 52.1%, respectively, which showed that the recovery was poor and it was difficult to achieve recovery effect.b.The effect of the scale-hole afforestation on the slope showed as follow. Survival rates of Ulmus pumila cv., Platycladusorientalis(Linn.)Franco, Cotinus coggygria Scop., Amygdalus triloba(Lindl.) Ricker and Prunusserrulata were 99%, 99%, 99%, 67% and 48%, respectively, transplanted 6 mouths later. The growth of Ulmus pumila cv., Platycladusorientalis(Linn.)Franco and Cotinus coggygria Scop. was obviously better than Amygdalus triloba(Lindl.) Ricker and Prunusserrulata and achieveed the expected effect of vegetation restoration and reconstruction.c.The results of nutrition legacy afforestation on the terrace slope showed that the survival rate of afforestation seedling was less than 20% a month later and growth was poor. A year later in the process of reviewing, the survival rate was less than 5%, so the afforestation demonstration test was failed.d.The results of seeding afforestation on the close to natural slope area showed that the optimum naturally strong Medicago sativa L. survival condition was good and could grow wellfor a long time. But the survival rates of Viola philippica Car and Orychophragmus violaceus were poor, especially in Orychophragmus violaceus, after winter, nearly nothing survived.e.The results of building economic woods on the artificial mesa showed that Prunus davidiana Franch, Siberian Apricot, Malus pumila and Juglans could grow well in local gneiss terraces mesa, after reasonable cultivation management, could reap rich economic fruit, which had good economic value. |
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