| With the improvement of living standards, consumer demand for chicken quality also gradually increased.The basic unit of muscle is muscle fiber, and the growth and development of chicken muscle fiber is closely related to the quality of chicken. Heredity is one of the main factors that affect the development of muscle fiber. Shandong Province has rich local chicken breeds, those breeds is good material that we are going to choose the high quality chicken breeding, and the research on the characteristics and regulation mechanism of different varieties of chicken muscle fiber, is to discusse deeeply meat quality characteristics of Shandong local chicken breeds, which is laying the foundation for the improvement of the quality of chicken.In this experiment,the selection of Jining bairi chicken,Luhua chicken and Luxi chicken as test material,chose 36 in each species,a total of 108.The acquisition of breast and leg muscle sample was collected Respectively in Same parts at 0 weeks and1 weeks,2 weeks and 3weeks,4 weeks and 5 weeks of age.The morphological characteristics of muscle fiber in different time points were observed by paraffin section,the purpose is to measure diameter of muscle fiber, muscle fiber density,sarcomere length,endomysium thickness,perimysial thickness of three chicken kinds in different weeks of age.It was extract total RNA from the breast and leg muscles at different time point, to measure the expression of Myf6, MyoD1,Myf5 and MSTN genes in breast and leg muscle using of real time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The change of gene expression are analysed at the same time between different breeds and different developmental stages of the same species.It to investigate the regulation of gene expression in the early development of muscle fiber, and provide a scientific basis for marker assisted selection of meat quality traits in the future.1. Muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber density : At 4 week, the breast muscle fiber diameter Bairi chicken and Dou chicken was significantly longer than that of Luhua chicken(P<0.05),and at5 week, Dou chicken was significantly longer than Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken(P<0.05).From out of the shell to 4 weeks of age, the difference was not significant between the three chicken breeds;At 1 day, the thigh muscle fiber diameter of Bairi chicken was significantly longer than that of Dou chicken(P<0.05),At 1 week, the thigh muscle fiber diameter of Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken was significantly longer than that of Dou chicken(P<0.05);At 4 week, the thigh muscle fiber diameter of Dou chicken was significantly longer than that of Luhua chicken(P < 0.05);at 5 week, the thigh muscle fiber diameter of Dou chicken was significantly longer than that of Luhua chicken and Bairi chicken(P<0.05).At 1 day, the breast muscle fiber diameter density of Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken was significantly higher than that of Dou chicken(P<0.05),At 1week, that of chicken and Luhua chicken was significantly higher than that of Bairi chicken(P<0.05),At 3and 5week,that of Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken was significantly higher than that of Dou chicken(P<0.05);At 1 day, the thigh muscle fiber diameter density of Dou chicken was significantly higher than that of Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken(P<0.05),At 1 and 3 week,that of Bairi chicken was significantly higher than that of Dou chicken and Luhua chicken(P<0.05),At 2 and 5 week, that of Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken was significantly higher than that of Dou chicken(P<0.05).From out of the shell to 5 weeks of age, the breast muscle fiber diameter of Dou chicken Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken muscle fiber diameter increased by 17.8?m ? 16.01?m ? 16.79?m respectively,the breast muscle fiber density decreased 8671 root/mm2 ?7920.18 root/mm2 ?7710.82root/mm2 respectively;the thigh muscle fiber diameter of Dou chicken Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken muscle fiber diameter increased by 9.1?m?14.3?m?15.85?m respectively,the breast muscle fiber density decreased8287.43root/mm2?8609.18root/mm2?8618.77root/mm2 respectively.2. The endomysium, perimysium, sarcomere length:At 2 week, the breast muscle endometrial thickness of Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken was significantly higher than that of Dou chicken(P<0.05),At 3 week, the breast muscle endometrial thickness of Luhua chicken was significantly higher than that of Bairi chicken(P<0.05),At 3 and 5 week, the The results are as follows:breast muscle endometrial thickness of Luhua chicken and Dou chicken was significantly higher than that of Bairi chicken(P<0.05),At 3 week, Dou chicken>Luhua chicken>Bairi chicken(P < 0.05).At 3 weeks of age, the breast muscle thickness of Bairi chicken was significantly higher than that of Dou chicken(P < 0.05),At 4 and 5 weeks of age, the breast muscle thickness of Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken was significantly higher than that of Dou chicken(P < 0.05),At 4 weeks of age, the thigh muscle thickness : Luhua chicken >Dou chicken>Bairi chicken(P < 0.05),At 5 weeks of age, the thigh muscle thickness of Dou chicken and Luhua chicken was significantly higher than that of Bairi chicken(P < 0.05),At 1weeks of age, the pectoral muscle sarcomere length of Dou chicken was significantly higher than that of Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken,At 2 and 3 weeks of age, a pectoral muscle sarcomere length of Dou chicken>Luhua chicken>Bairi chicken(P < 0.05);At 1 weeks of age,the thigh muscle sarcomere length of Dou chicken was significantly lower than that of Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken,At 1 and 2 and 3 weeks of age, a pectoral muscle sarcomere length of Dou chicken higer than that ofLuhua chicken and Bairi chicken.Relative expression of gene:The expression level of MSTN gene in Luhua chicken breast muscle in 2 week higher than that in other weeks, significant difference(P<0.01),There was no significant difference between the expression of leg muscle;The expression level of MSTN gene in Dou chicken breast and leg muscle in 4 week higher than that in other weeks,significant difference;The expression of MSTN gene in Bairi chicken breast muscle in 4 and5 weeks of age was significantly higher than that of the other week age, leg muscle at the age of 4 weeks was significantly higher than that of other weeks of age(P < 0.05).The expression of Myf6 gene in Luhua chicken breast muscle was the highest at about 4 weeks of age,and leg muscle is at about 2 weeks of age;At 5 weeks of age,the Myf6 expression of Dou chicken breast muscle was the highest.The expression of Myf6 gene in Bairi chicken breast muscle was the highest at about 3 weeks of age,and leg muscle is at about 5 weeks of age.The expression of MyoD1 in Luhua chicken breast muscle at 3 weeks of age expression was the highest, in leg muscle at 4 weeks of age; MyoD1 in Bairi chicken breast at 1 day of age expressed higher amounts and leg muscle is at 2 weeks of age; the expression in Dou chicken breast and leg muscle 4, 5 weeks of age was higher than that in other weeks of age.In 0~4weeks,the expression Myf5 gene in Dou chicken breast and leg muscle were higher than those in Luhua chicken and bairi chicken, there was different expression patterns of the genes in three kinds chicken breast and leg muscle.In summary, The rule of the development of muscle fiber in different varieties are different, at the age of 4 weeks and 5 weeks of age,Dou chicken pectoral muscle and leg muscle muscle fiber development is significantly faster than Bairi chicken and Luhua chicken;MSTN, MYF6, MyoD1, Myf5 play different roles in breast and leg muscle development of three chickens, Myf5 play an important role in the regulation in Bairi chicken muscle fiber in the growth and development. |
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