| Camellia oleifera is a kind of woody oil plant, originated in China, which has an extensive distribution in region of highland in southwest area of Hunan and southern area of Jiangxi province of China. With a high seed oil content, Camellia has also a high great proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, so it is used of an ideal edible oils and organic food. With a long history oil-tea cultivation in the area of Changde, boasting superior natural conditions and social economic conditions in planting tea-oil tree, Changde is the key of the development of camellia industry area. This paper mainly studied in four varieties in Changde including Tiecheng NO.1, Xianglin NO.1, Xianglin NO.22 and Changlin NO.3, by the test of fertilizer and pruing, the investigation of natural resistance to anthracnose, the analysis of fruiting yield and oil-content and oil quality, economic benefit among four varieties, in order to research different growth and fruit triats. In conclusion, our report could provide some guidances for farmers to apply and strengthen the cultivation oil-tea camellia that will promote the development of Changde camellia industry. The main results showed as follows:1.Influences of fertilization on growth and fruiting in four varieties of Camellia oleifera. Fertilization have a certain effect on camellia tree height, crown product, spring tip length and spring tip diameter. The spring tip length in four varieties reached a significant level and four differential growth index (including tree height, crown breadth, spring tip length and spring tip base diameter) appeared different degree of difference. By the fertilization treatment, the spring tip length was the largest affection, and the factors were followed by Tiecheng NO.1, Xianglin NO.1, Xianglin NO.22, Changlin NO.3 in influence sequence. By dealing with the different fertilization, four oil-tea production test presented different levels and the different significant differences. Treatment 1 was obviously higher than treatment 2,3 and CK in production.2.Influences of pruning on growth in four varieties of Camellia oleifera. Some various experiment was conducted to study effects of pruning that showed there had some obvious difference in four varieties. After pruning, compared with no pruning trees, oil-tea crown vertical diameter and longitudinal diameter have some obvious increasing, growth increasing on crown longitudinal diameter with crown vertical diameter is relatively consistent, and crown longitudinal diameter increment is the largest. The combination with a third clip+crown head in shape of round+spring tip, lead the minimum impact on the growth of tree height and crown height. The combination with a third clip+crown head in shape of flat+autumn tip, lead the minimum impact on the growth of the crown.3.Research oh resistance to disease in natural forest. There has a great relationship between incidence of anthracnose and the appearance of fruit color and characteristics. Almost doesn't appearance in Xianglin NO.1, and a lighter symptom in Xianglin NO.22 and Tiecheng NO.1, whose incidence disease were 3.11% and 4.39% respectively, while Changlin NO.3 be infected very severely, disease fruit rate of more than 20% on average.4.Analysis in oil production and oil quality. In terms of oil production, with a 14.95 kg, Tiecheng NO.1 was greater than other three varieties of camellia, respectively large than 1.1 times of Xianglin NO.1,1.1 times of Changlin NO.3 and 1.4 times of Xianglin NO.22. The quality of four varieties of oil-tea camellia had a significant difference. Tiecheng NO.1 is the best, followed by Xianglin NO.22 and Xianglin NO.1, and Changlin NO.3 is in the bottom.5. Economic efficiency analysis. Tiecheng NO.1 had the most profit in planting, while Changlin NO.3 had the least profit and in less. |
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