Study On Governance Problem Of Nanling National Nature Reserve

With the continuous economic development, the problems of Ecological damage, the drop in species diversity, environmental pollution are being more and more serious, which has been affecting people's life and even been a threat to the survival of human. Clearly, one of the most effective measure to protect the environment is to establish more nature reserves, which also a way to achieve sustainable development of man and nature. However, in order to protect and develop nature reserves, will surely cause the inevitable harm to the interests of the residents of surrounding communities or other stakeholders, and cause the and conflicts between communities and protected areas, directly or indirectly. Therefore, how to effectively govern nature reserve and to achieve coordinated and sustainable development among community residents protected areas, is an important problem to be solved at present.Nanling National Nature Reserve was chosen as an object of study In this paper. We will find out the conflicts between protected areas and community, and to analyze the reasons causing the conflicts with Stakeholder Theory. In the mean time, we will also find out the governance issues of the protected area and proposed some suggestions with governance theory, according to the status of Nanling National Nature Reserve. By the study, we reach some conclusions:1.The stakeholders of Nanling National Nature Reserve can be divided into three types according to the stakeholder theory of Mitchell: The first type is Latent stakeholders which including Tourists, general public and media; the second type is expected stakeholders including non-governmental organizations and researchers; the third type is Deterministic stakeholders including Nanling Nature Reserve Management Bureau, the local township government, local communities, tourism developers and local businesses. This theory diagnose the conflicts between the interests of these stakeholders, Summarizing that there are two main type of conflict between these stakeholders,which are concept collision and interests collision. For the concept collision, it can be resolved by negotiation, financial compensation or even the legal way. For the interest collision,it can be resolved by building long-term and stable benefit-sharing mechanisms.2. Now Nanling Nature Reserve is governed with Community Condominium Model, integrated protected areas and communities. But,according to a series of studies to the PRA survey, the community condominium construction and organization, resource management plan, implementation of community education and skills training and so on, Community Condominium Mode did have both advantages and defect.3.The governance issues of Nanling nature reserve include institutional constraints, the lack of investment and a reasonable investment structure, the lack of ecological compensation mechanism, the community infrastructure is inadequate and the residents' participation is low, stakeholders are not fully involved in.In this paper,we've analyzed the reasons of their formations.4.By this study,we've put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for reference. First of all, to improve the current system of governance, by increasing staffing and setting up forest public security authorities. Secondly, attracting more investment and establish a diversified investment mechanism through government guidance and market operation mode. Third is to improve the residents' participation. Forth is to improve the implement of the compensation mechanism. Fifth is to improve the living by developing community infrastructure. Sixth is to increase the members of the stakeholders, and make the protection more effective.