| Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc is perennial, it uesd with root and rhizome. It's harvest time, processing methods, cultivation environment and fertilization are different, which make quality of herb medicine uneven. It is so unknown of Photosynthetic characteristics and fertilizer requirement that it is not conducive to high yield and quality of Polygonum cuspidatum, this paper provide some experimental basis for harvesting and processing and cultivation measures through researching the growth Regularity, chemical composition accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics and regulation of fertilizer.It was found that the buds of Polygonum cuspidatum begin to form at the budding stage by observing the growth characteristics, and remain in the ground, growing in soil after winter. Shoots begin to grow out the soil in March and branch in April. The branch has formed completely in May, then inflorescence starts to form in June. But annual plants will not form inflorescence. The plant is flowering from July until September, having short fruit ripening period. The number of buds, stems and branch increase significantly with the years of growth increase. The quality of dry matter accumulation of above ground and underground parts was different in different growth stages. The accumulation of dry matter in the ground mainly occurs in the seedling stage to the whole branching stage.The dry matter accumulation of underground parts happened in the whole growth stage, and it is the fastest during branching stage to the bud stage. The dry matter accumulation quality of underground part is important for guiding the harvest years of Polygonum cuspidatum. From the studies on the chemical constituents of the plants with different ages in different growth stages, the results showed that the quantity of Stilbene and Anthraquinones is the highest in the seedling stage, and the second in the withering period.There was no significant difference in the astragalus quantity in different growth years, but the content of anthraquinones increases with the increase of the growth years, and it will be the highest in four years. according to dry matter weight and evaluation of chemical composition changes, the harvest period of Polygonum cuspidatum would be better to choose 4 years, and the best harvest season is spring, second in autumn.Under natural conditions, diurnal variation of Polygonum cuspidatum in different years growth showed a "single peak" curve, the maximum photosynthesis of annual plant occurred at 12:00, the maximum of remaining growth years is at 13:00maximum at 13:00, having the factors photosynthetic physiological and photosynthetic ecological done stepwise regression, independent variables stomatal conductance (Gs), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), transpiration rate (Tr), inter cellular CO2 concentration (Ci) can be into the equation,others are excluded,the equition is Pn=9.689+39.882Gs+0.005PAR-1.251Tr-0.03Ci,Path analysis showed that the direct effect of four factors on photosynthesis size:Gs> Tr> PAR> Ci,Gs and PAR was positively correlated with Pn.Within a certain range, the more Gs and PAR are,the more photosynthesis is, indirect path coefficient calculation result obtained ract on Pn mainly through the influence on Gs. the effection of Ci on Pn is relatively weak. In practical, we can choose to be sunny region, to promote photosynthesis to increase production by increasing the PAR.It was different between absorption and distribution in different growth stages through the research of regularity of absorbing fertilizer and effect of N, P, K fertilizer. The absorption of N, P, K of the above-ground part mainly appear during seedling stage to full branching stage, for P, K, it appear a second absorption peak at fruiting time.But the absorption of N, P, K of The underground part mainly appear after the full branching stage.The largest increases of N appears at the wilting stage. Accumulation of nutrients is affected by the dry matter. The dry biomass is large during the seedling stage to the bud stage, so the nutrient accumulation is more. During the generative growth phase, nutrient accumulation is happened in the underground part.After fertilization treatment, it was found that the plant height and yield were significantly affected, and the plant height was positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen application. After the two regression analysis, the single factor analysis showed that the yield increased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer applied under the level of N application. When application of P fertilizer is less than 26.667kg/667m2, the yield increased with the increased fertilizer, on the contrary, the yield decreased. The yield increased with the increased fertilizer, when application of K fertilizer is more than 14.667kg/667 m2. Two-factor interaction effects analysis showed that N and P fertilizers ave a synergistic effect on increasing yield, with nitrogen as the dominant factor. N and P interaction effects showed no synergy, when low K levels, N play a main role, when high K levels, K play a main role, but there is no significant increase in production. K play a main role in P and K interaction effects. Neural network analysis found that the sensitivity of production to fertilizer is:K (0.45)> N (0.32)> P (0.23). It indicates the unit increase amount of K make up the growth production of P.cuspidatum. Fertilization treatment had the yield increased,but it had the content of effective constituents decreased, The sensitivity of the content of total effective components to fertilizers is P(0.40)> K(0.34)>N (0.26), indicating that the effect from P on amount of the active ingredients is significant, using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, weight coefficient:A=[0.3 (yield) 0.4(stilbene), 0.3 (anthraquinones)], the treatment group 5 is optimal with yield and effective ingredient common as the evaluation index, the ratio of N, P, K respectively is 15.566,44.000,13.469 kg/667m2.The application amount of P is high. The effect of Fertilization on primary metabolism and secondary metabolism in plants is selective, which provides a space for the regulation of plant science.Through analysis the influence of five kinds of drying methods on the content of effective components in Polygonum cuspidatum, it was found that the content of Medicinal material by freeze drying is close to that in fresh herbs..The content of polydatin and resveratrol from high temperature fixing dryingis also close to that in fresh products.The content of group of 50? low-temperature drying, drying in the shade, drying in the sun respectively polydatin compared to the fresh products decreased by 5.3%,11.2%,18.5%, accordingly, resveratrol increased the 218.8%, 238.4%,150.9%, the method of drying in the sun cause the loss of astragalus, drying in the sun can not be chosed to be the drying method for Polygonum cuspidatum, chrysophanin dried by high temperature is close to that in fresh products, however, the content of emodin and emodin decreased by 22.2% and 58.3%, high temperature may cause loss of the partial anthraquinones. The method of 50 low temperature drying and drying in the shade make the content of anthraquinone increased. The method of drying in the sun has little effect on the anthraquinone. Considering the amount of stilbene and anthraquinone, low-temperature drying and dried in the shade can be drying method for Polygonum cuspidatum.In summary, the research of regulation of growth and development, and changing law of chemical composition, photosynthetic characteristics, the characteristics of fertilizer, can provides basis for selection for harvesting and processing,cultivation measures to lay a foundation for further study on fertilization technology of Polygonum cuspidatum. |
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