Study On Green Management Method Of Apple Diseases And Pests

The safety level of fruit quality has three levels: organic,green and pollution-free "green" level.The green management of this study is based on the green levels in these three levels.Green fruit,is to follow the principles of sustainable development,in accordance with the requirements of the green standard production mode of production,certified by the specialized agencies,licensing the use of green food logo fruit.Production of green fruit is the general trend of the development of fruit industry today,is the inevitable choice to achieve sustainable development of fruit industry.With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards,fruit quality and safety issues are increasingly concerned by consumers.The production of green fruit to meet the needs of consumers,but also on the orchard and the ecological environment is very important for sustainable development.At present,the main factors affecting the production of green fruit is the causal tree pests and diseases caused by the use of pesticides are not up to the standard and even pesticide indiscriminate use and abuse caused by serious deterioration of the environment,the environment is polluted,orchard ecological imbalance and other issues.Apple's pests and diseases to the main drug prevention and control,in the request to produce green fruit,often referred to to reduce the use of pesticides.In the actual production,only from the control of pesticide use is not feasible to study how to do from a number of aspects of green prevention and control has a very important significance.In this study,we selected the two main apple producing areas of Luochuan and Whitewater in Weibei Loess Plateau.The questionnaire survey and field observation of the status quo,occurrence of pests and diseases and pesticide use in the orchard were selected.Six fruit tree growers were selected for their orchard management Behavior of the track record,and its apple pesticide residues and quality were measured,and then data mining,access to the main findings are as follows:1.Luochuan,Baishui County apple orchard,nearly three years of frequent pests and diseases to aphids,red spider,scale insects mainly disease early to the deciduous disease,apple rot disease,powdery mildew;fruit growers in pest control Mainly in the traditional experience,mainly to rule,do not attach importance to forecasting.In the pests and diseases of the season or the occurrence of early,should focus on the timely management of orchards,pay attention to maintaining the orchard lighting and breathability,good use of weather stations and plant protection stations on the forecast of pests and diseases.2.There are many non-standard actions in the process of fruit management.When applying pesticides,most farmers do not pay attention to wearing protective clothing,wearing masks and gloves.Often lead to accidental poisoning of farmers,is not conducive to human health.Spraying appliances also exist a certain non-standard.The "droplets" sprayed by the sprayers used in the orchard use are mostly parabolic(more than 200 microns in diameter).The drops of water on the leaves are clearly visible,and there are many,Far from compliance.This situation,not only the use of pesticides waste,but also on the trees and the environment caused harm and pollution.In the use of pesticides,should be based on the combination of forecast forecast,according to the condition of the situation,a number of measures for pest control,combined with orchards to reduce the number and conditions of pests and diseases,fruit trees pruning to ensure ventilation and light,Fruit to reduce unnecessary nutrient loss,reasonable fertilization to enhance the resistance of the tree to the pests and diseases,while ensuring that the use of drugs and high toxicity and high toxicity of drugs,and thus control the use of restricted drugs.3.The average number of pesticide use in about 8 times,medication interval of 16d-25 d,the total number of drugs more.4,May for the peak period of medication,mostly chlorpyrifos,methyl thiophanate,carbendazim,mancozeb,abamectin,high-performance cypermethrin and other drugs.The detection rate of pesticide residues in the selected orchards is less,although there are still many cases of excessive use of drugs and medication,but compared with the previous study of the residual determination of the results,did not see the increasing trend.4.The correlation and significance of different drug use and fruit quality were analyzed.It was found that there were significant differences in the quality of fruit.There were not positive correlations on the quality of fruit products with 6 different orders for specific use of orchards.In the subsequent technical guidance,should correct the traditional concept of the use of pesticides,should be through the management process of the key links and steps to control,to control the implementation of each link rather than relying solely on the use of pesticides to control pests and diseases,so as to achieve Green production standards,and further protect the quality and safety of fruit.In general,the green control of apple pests and diseases should start from a number of angles,from people,orchards,ecological environment in many ways to correct the orchard green prevention and control is the traditional concept of less pesticides,focus on the various aspects of orchard management Of the control,the implementation of green control to each link.