Effect Of Meteorological Conditions On Maize Yield And Quality

The experiment on medium-late variety "ZD 958" and medium variety "LD 565" of maize which were planted on large areas of Liaoning Province,was conducted in the scientific research and experiment base of Agricultural College in Shenyang Agricultural University in 2015 and 2016.Through the simulation of different meteorological conditions under the experiment of various sowing dates,and the use of statistical correlation and regression analysis method,the thesis investigated the influence of the meteorological factors'changes in all growth stages on the yield and quality of maize,and explicated the main meteorological factors affecting the yield and quality fluctuation of maize,so as to provide a theoretical basis and decision reference for the maize production of Liaoning Province to make full use of ecological climatic resources,draw on advantages and avoid disadvantages,and achieve the high yield and good quality.The main results are as follows:1.With the delay of sowing date,maize growing process gets faster and the whole period shortened.But when the seeds are sowed too late,the growing period will prolong and even can't mature fully.The response of the growth period to meteorological conditions' changes during the sowing-shooting period is more intensified than those during the filling stage.During the experimental years,the total growth period range of medium-late variety "ZD 958" is 116-123 days,while the total growth period range of medium variety "LD 565" is 111-114 days.The main meteorological factors affecting the growth process of maize are the average temperature(r=-0.562)as well as average sunshine duration(r=0.631)of the whole growth period.Low temperature and long sunshine duration during the whole growth period can prolong the growth period of maize.In the view of the yields during different sowing dates,the yield decreased with the shortening of the growth period.2.The low temperature,high active accumulated temperature and long sunshine duration during early growth period and the much rainfall during shooting-big trumpet stage are conducive to the formation of maize economic yield.The low temperature during early shooting stage can increase the active accumulated temperature and sunshine duration by extending the growth process during early shooting stage,so as to promote the maize growth and improve the maize biological yield,meanwhile,the appropriate high temperature during medium-late grain filling stage can also increase the biological yield;comparing these two varieties,the biological yield of "ZD 958" is relatively more stable,whose response on meteorological conditions is weaker.The long sunshine duration during big trumpet-tasseling stage,and the much rainfall during medium tasseling-filling stage are conducive to the improvement of maize economic coefficient;comparing these two varieties,"LD 565"economic coefficient is relatively more stable,and the economic yield as well as biological yield more coordinated.3.The component factors of "2D 958" main yield are the ears number,grain number and 100 kernel weight,the most importance to grain yield is grain number,then is the 100 kernel weight and the ears number,while the component factors of "LD 565" main yield are the ears number,grain number,100 kernel weight and bald tip ratio,the most importance to grain yield is grain number,then is the 100 kernel weight,bald tip ratio and the ears number.The critical stage for the response of yield components to meteorological conditions is the shooting-middle filling stage and the key meteorological factors are precipitation,sunshine duration and daily temperature,but the active accumulative temperature has the least influence.Comparing these two varieties,"ZD 958" has relatively good yield stability.4.The high temperature as well as long sunshine duration during the medium-late stage of grain filling,and the little rainfall during the grain filling stage are favorable to the formation of grain crude protein.The low temperature during the medium-late stage of grain filling,and the much rainfall as well as long sunshine duration during the grain filling stage are conducive to the formation of grain crude starch.Besides,the high temperature as well as little rainfall during grain filling stage are conducive to the formation of grain crude fat.Moreover,the crude fat content of "ZD 958"grain is more stable than that of "LD 565"grain,and its response on the meteorological conditions is weaker.