| Xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)are a kind of functional oligosaccharides with good stable physico-chemical property.As an excellent Bifidobacterium-proliferating factor,the XOS present a wide range of physiological effects,which make these oligosaccharides becoming the promising alternative to feed antibiotics.Based on previous findings on these oligosac-charides,this study further determined the impacts of the XOS on growth performance,plas-ma biochemical parameters,and gut microflora,etc.in weaned piglets,as well as exploring their underlying mechanism.Our aim focused on identifing the most suitable additive amount of XOS in weaned piglets,to provide the basis for their application in pig productionA total of 150 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire cross-bred piglets weaned at 21-day-old with good body condition(average body weight,6.5 ± 0.5 kg;male:female=1:1)were used in this study.After fed with the same commercial creep feed for one week post-weaning,the animal feeding experiment was begun from 28 days of age(average body weight,about 7.0 kg).According to the litter source and body weight,the animals were randomly assigned to five groups,representing blank group,positive control group(0.02%colistin sulphate + 0.004%virginamycin premix),0.01%XOS group,0.025%XOS group,and 0.05%XOS group.Each treatment group had six replicates of five weaned piglets.All the animals were fed with the same commercial diets without antibiotics supplementation as a basal diet,and water ad libitum.The experiment was ended when the piglets achieved 30 kg of body weight.In other words,the experimental period was 56 days.It needed to record in detail the daily intake,the diarrhea and death of each replicate in the experiment.When on the 7th,21st and 56th day of the experiment,it also needed to weight all the animals for the animal body weight data,achieve the plasma of each replicate through collecting blood samples from the superior vena cava of one random piglet for biochemical detection and collect some mixed fresh stool from two random piglets of each replicate freezing at low temperature for quantitative analysis and chromatographic analysis the metabolites(organic acid,indole,skatole,et al)of microbe.When the experiment was ended,it needed to pick one random piglet to kill and collect its intestinal tissues and contents for morphological analysis of intestinal,quantitative analysis and chromatographic analysis the metabolites(organic acid,indole,skatole,et al)of microbe.The results showed as below:(1)The average daily intake of 0.01%XOS group for days 8-21,22-56,and 1-56 were significantly higher than the control group,as well as the average daily gain for days 8-21 and 1-56;the diarrhea rates of 0.01%XOS group for days 1-7 and 8-21 were significantly lower than the control group,as well as 0.025%XOS group for days 1-7 and 8-21,and 0.05%XOS group for days 8-21.(2)At day 7 post feeding,the AST and LDH activities of 0.05%XOS group were significantly higher than the positive control group;at day 21 post feeding,the ALT activity of 0.01%XOS group was significantly higher than the blank group,and ApoAl content were significantly lower than the positive control group;at day 56 post feeding,the ALT activity of 0.01%XOS group was significantly higher than the blank group and positive control group,as well as LDH activity than the blank group,while the LDL-C content was significantly lower than the positive control group;the ALP activity and TC content of 0.025%XOS group were significantly higher than the blank group and positive control group,as well as the HDL-C and LDL-C contents than the blank group;the ALP activity of 0.05%XOS group was significantly higher than the blank group and positive control group,,as well as the AST activity and HDL-C content than the control group,while the LDL-C content was significantly lower than the positive control group,as well as ApoAl content lower than the blank group.(3)At day 7 of feeding,the faecal Lactobacillus amount of 0.025%and 0.05%XOS groups were significantly higher than the blank group,as well as the total amount of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)in faecal,ileal,and colonic contents of 0.025%XOS group than the control group,and colonic amount of total SCFA than the positive control group,while the faecal and cecal E.coli contents of 0.01%,0.025%,and 0.05%XOS groups were significantly lower than the positive control group;at day 21 of feeding,the faecal and ileal Bifidobacteria of 0.01%and 0.05%XOS groups were significantly higher than the blank group,as well as the cecal and colonic Lactobacilli amounts of 0.01%XOS group than the blank group and positive control group.In summary,XOS can promote the growth and effectively relieve diarrhea in the weaned piglets,as well as regulating metabolism of nitrogen and lipids,improving intestinal microflora balance,increasing the SCFA production,but decreasing of indole and skatole in the gut,and achieve the best feeding results when the added concentration was 0.025%. |
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