Research On Diversity And Pathogenic Species Of Wood-decaying Fungi On Some Important Palm Trees In Hainan Province

The wood-decaying fungi on several important palmaceous plants in Hainan province were reported in this study , and the pathogenicity and biological characteristics of important pathogens were tested. The preliminary study on pathogenicity of suspicious pathogens have been done. Wood-decaying fungi were investigated in palmaceous plants gardens and plantations in Haikou, Dongfang,Danzhou, Qionghai, Sanya, Wenchang,Wanning, Wuzhishan, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Changjiang Li and Miao Autonomous County,Chengmai County, Ding’an County, Ledong Li and Miao Autonomous County,Lingshui Li and Miao Autonomous County, Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County ect. A total of 284 samples were collected, these samples had been studied and draw the following conclusions:(1) It is basically ascertained that the wood-decaying fungi on the palmaceous plants in Hainan Province were belong to 2 phyla,3 classes, 8 orders, 15 families,24 genera and 34 species. Among them, Ganoderma colossus (Fr.) C.F. Baker was a new record species in Hainan province, and it was just recorded in Taiwan province in China before.(2 ) The dominant families of wood-decaying fungi on the palmaceous plants were Polyporaceae and Ganodermataceae, Ganoderma boninense Pat. was the dominant species which accounting for 16.20% of the total specimens.(3 ) The analysis of the relations between climate and the diversity of wood-decaying fungi in Hainan Island shown that the temperature had little effect on the growth of wood rot fungi in Hainan. The rainfall had a significant effect on the diversity of wood-decaying fungi,and it was a positive correlation with the diversity index.(4) The analysis of the wood-decaying fungal species in different palmaceous plants shown that there were large difference between diffeerent palmaceous plants. Among them,arecanut,coconut and oil palm had obviously more samples and fungal species than others.(5 ) Through the field investigation and pathogenicity test, it was proved that Ganoderma boninense Pat. and Grammothele fuligo ( Berk. & Broome ) Ryvarden were important pathogen in palmaceous plants. Ganoderma boninense Pat. caused basal stem rot(BSR) disease in arecanut and Grammothele fuligo (Berk. & Broome) Ryvarden caused basal petiole rot (BPR) disease in palmaceous plants, these were the first report in Hainan province.(6) Biological characteristics tests shown that 28℃、pH 5～7、continuous darkness、sucrose、soya peptone and yeast extract were the optimum growth conditions for Ganoderma boninense Pat. mycelia, and 30℃、pH 5、continuous darkness、maltose、soya peptone and yeast extract were the optimum growth conditions for Grammothele fuligo (Berk. & Broome) Ryvarden mycelia.