On Huang Zongxi's Views Of Jun-Tao And Chen-Tao

In this paper,Jun-Tao(??)means the way of being an emperor,Chen-Tao(??)means the way of being a minister.Huang Zongxi's views about Jun-Tao and Chen-Tao are particularly embodied within the articles of his work Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu(???????).The mainline of Huang Zongxi's thoughts about Jun-Tao and Chen-Tao is that“the Doctrine of the State belonging to the People”(????).The thesis takes“the Doctrine of the State belonging to the People”as a starting point to discuss the views of Jun-Tao and Chen-Tao from Huang Zongxi's work:Ming YI Dai Fang Lu(or Waiting for the Dawn:A Plan for the Prince).“The Doctrine of the State belonging to the People” in the Jun-Tao views of Huang Zongxi means that people plays more important role than the emperor, which is presented in the relationship between the emperor and his people. It says that the emperor should take the responsibility of developing the livelihood of his people, erasing the social ills and educating the people. As for the relation between the emperor and the law, Huang believed that the law is for the benefit and authority of public power. It's necessary to replace the law for the emperor with the law for people and that the Law for the people goes prior to the rule of the Emporer.“The Doctrine of the State belonging to the People” for Huang's Chen-Tao means that the ruling of the society is not the rise and fall of the danasty of one family, but the joy and sorrow of the people. This point of view lies in 4 aspects: Monarch substantive relationship, the principle of being a minister, minister's position, and the system of Prime Minister's participation of politics. In his opinion, in the relation of minister and the emperor is like this: they shared the same content of power, only under different names. The emperor and his ministers cooperate through a division of labor, they are sharing the same responsibility with different titles, in contrast with the traditional thoughts that take emperor-minister relation as father-son relation, for which he claimed that their relation is actually equal. Besides, he also constitutes the political system by constructing the Prime Minister Participation System, in order to solve the problem of emperor-minister power transference.The subject of “The Doctrine of the State belonging to the People” is still about emperor and his ministers, not the people. So Huang's view about Jun-Tao and Chen-Tao still belongs to the traditional virtuous-emperor-wise-ministers mode and can't equal with modern democracy. However, its political thoughts against autocratic monarchy are still sensational with great historic significance.