The Research Of Adverbs On Lokaksema's Translation Of The A(?)as?hasrik? Praj(?)?p?ramit?

Lokaksema's Translation of The A(?)as?hasrik? Praj(?)?p?ramit? is not only an important works of the Mahayana,but also essential language materials for the research on Chinese-translated Buddhist scripture.This paper give a preliminary analysis for all adverbs on Lokaksema's Translation of The A(?)as?hasrik? Praj(?)?p?ramit?.This paper begins with the classification and statistics,and then,tries our best to explain and expound the adverbs on this basis,and analyzes the adverbs in terms of "Word Formation" "Lexicalization" and "Grammaticalization",to reveal one section of the whole adverbs system.There are six chapters about them,more details are as follows:The first chapter,"introduction",explains the motivation of the topic,the actuality of the relative studies,the method and the purpose of this paper.And also the latest development and research have been summarized.The second chapter,"concept definition",defines the concept and the nature of the adverbs,and overviews the characteristics and the function of adverbs.The third chapter,the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter classify describe and explain the adverbs specifically.The third chapter includes three sub-categories,time adverb,frequency adverb,repetition adverb,which relate to the conception of "time".The fourth chapter includes degree adverb and scope adverb,which involve the conception of "space".And the fifth chapter includes negative adverb,modal adverb and manner adverb.These three chapters counter on all adverbs on Lokaksema's Translation of The A(?)as?hasrik? Praj(?)?p?ramit?,but merely describe and explain the newly-developing adverbs in the Middle Ancient times with the methods of"Sino-Sanskrit contrast" and "Different translation Buddhist texts with the same contents".This paper summarizes the characteristics of the adverbs on Lokaksema's Translation of The A(?)as?hasrik? Praj(?)?p?ramit?,which contains three points.First and foremost,the meaning of single syllable adverbs make varied.Secondly,the newly-developing adverbs are mostly disyllable words,which internal structure tend to be the juxtaposed compound.And the suffixes of the adverbs comprises "zi"(?),"fu(?),"shi"(?),"lai"(?).Finally,the semantic orientation of the adverbs are complex,oriented towards subject,object,predicate and the other object of the predicate.The sixth chapter analyzes some adverbs in terms of "Word Formation""Lexicalization" and "Grammaticalization".With a view to the production pathway of the newly-developing adverbs,"Word Formation" analyzes three word-formation models,taking "xuan",(?),"weiceng"(??),"shenda"(??),"fudang"(??)and "jizi"(??)for instance."Lexicalization" emphasizes the evolution from different language elements into vocabulary,such as "dougong"(??),"yugong"(??),"weichang"(??),"buda"(??)."Grammaticalization" emphasizes the process of the language elements transform into grammatical units,taking "shi"(?),"dang"(?),"yu"(?)and "?zi"(X?)for instance.