Study On The Agricultural Experiment Stations In The United States From The End Of 19^th Century To The Beginning Of 20^th Century

From the early of 1860 s,The American government have set up the land— granted college and established the state Agricultural experiment station with legislation,financial allocation and other means used.Until the late 19 th century and early 20 th century,which agricultural teaching and research system have formed in a relatively complete condition.In the mid—19th century,American agriculture was still dominated by hand farming and the labor force is so poor that there is really urgent need for American government to promote the agricultural science technology With the development of the westward movement,expansion of western territory and the expansion of cultivated land area.However,during that period of time,American higher education have pay more attention to the importance of Religion,rhetoric,grammar,mathematics and classical language teaching while ignoring agricultural technology education within practical education included.In order to meet the development of agricultural production,in 1862 s,the federal government published the " Morrill Act " and established the land—granted college,but at the beginning of the establishment,the "land grant" course set up cannot merge into the practical production and failed to meet the needs the development of the agricultural production,Therefore,The local government began to carry out basic agricultural experiment activities and learn experience of the agricultural test station development from the United Kingdom,Germany and other countries,in 1887 s,the federal government promulgated the "Hatch Act" and decided to establish the state Agricultural experiment station which specializing in agricultural production research and testing.For this reason,the agriculture,horticulture,plant pathology,veterinary and other departments have been set up.Guiding with practical principle to choose their search topics.Research funding are mainly supported by the federal government and state financial allocation,at thesame time which also provided by the State Agriculture Committee Subsidies and sales of agricultural products.In order to test the research results,the state Agricultural experiment station have also established a "field test station" in the natural environment and disseminated the research results to the public through publications,seminars,field demonstration and other ways.Agricultural experiment station have reflected the practicality,cooperation,dispersion these three characteristics during this process.At the beginning of the 20 th century,the state agricultural experiment stations have achieved remarkable results in soil investigation,variety improvement and disease control for animal and plant etc.,Therefore,which not only provided new knowledge and new technologies for farmers,promoted the development of local economy and the level of agricultural science technology but also introduced new instructional methodology for the American agricultural education,what's more,which have promoted the formation of the "teaching—research—extension" system in the higher agricultural institutions.As a matter of fact,the American government have established state agricultural experimental stations to carry out agricultural scientific research,thus,Which greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural production and scientific technology and also have great significance for China which is at the period of social transformation.