Psychoanalysis Of The Dramas' Characters In The Later Period Of Chekhov's Creation

Chekhov is a famous Russian writer at the end of the Nineteenth century and early Twentieth century.He is known for his humorous and satirical short stories.And he is known as one of "the world's three greatest short stories' writers" with the other two,O.Henry and Maupassant.The academic study of his short stories has not been reduced for many years,but the heat of his drama' researches has decreased.In fact,Chekhov created 17 plays in his life,including 10 one-act plays and 7 many-act plays.His drama not only is achievements excellence,but also is far-reaching impact on modern drama.The most mature dramas in Chekhov's dramas are his later five plays.These are Ivanov?Seagulls?Uncle Vanya?Three sisters?The Cherry Orchard.The five plays have a superb artistic skill and advanced ideology.Scholars' study on Chekhov's drama studies,mainly in five plays.So far,scholars in the study of these plays have the angle of diversity,and the results are remarkable.However,scholars of many countries study these play as integrated art.Around the drama of the text to start research,stay in the artistic characteristics,creation ideas,aesthetic value,modernity,cultural comparison and so on.In view of the dramas' text is the basis of drama,and drama characters is an important part of drama,so to study a drama,must be from the characters in the drama to proceed.Foreigners' study of the five dramas is scattered and repeated.In the early twentieth century,the study of his dramas' characters scattered in the evaluation of contemporary people.In the 1940 s,Yermilov's "on Chekhov's drama creation" in detail the characterization of the characters.In the 1960 s,Chekhov's drama was paid more and more attention.In the 1990 s,European and American scholars agreed that Chekhov had opened a precedent for modern drama.Most of the studies on the characters in these dramas are in the study of his dramatic creation,such as drama conflict,pause,symbol,or debate on tragedy and comedy and so on.In summary,the work of Chekhov's later plays' characters' study needs to be added.Chekhov's later five dramas' surface is the normal life;the bottom is the inner world of characters.Therefore,the study of Chekhov's later five dramas' characters needs to start from the psychological.Based on this situation,the author intends to discuss this aspect as a supplement to the study of Chekhov's drama,so that the readers can better understand Chekhov's drama,and even the whole modern drama.The author divided the characters in these plays into three types: depression type,weary type and the type of waiting for hope.Depression type is characters in the drama can't understand each other,and their depression can't release.Finally,this emotion becomes depression.In these plays the performance of: the psychological has the pain of being entangled,and the psychological has been numbness.Weary type is a psychological type.It means the character in the dramas,who lose interest in life and don't want to continue their lives.In the performance of the dramas is tired after the passion or tired in the normal lives.The type of waiting for hope is the overall attitude of people optimistic attitude,waiting and looking forward to the arrival of a new life.In these plays the performance is the blindly watching,watching and take action,ideal watching.Because these characters are created by Chekhov,so the author combined with psychology,literature,sociology and other disciplines comprehensive consideration,decided to start from Chekhov himself,to explore the causes of three types of psychological.Besides,the literary creation is the result of the subjective feelings of the author and the experience of the objective world,the author explains the psychological causes of both subjective and objective.From the subjective point of view,Chekhov's gray childhood memories influenced Chekhov's drama creation,his melancholy temperament resulting in the characters' depressed and tired.Arthur Schopenhauer's philosophy saved Chekhov at the crucial moment.So his views on philosophy exist in the creation of these scripts.In addition,Chekhov in the completion of each work in which the environment and the mentality are closely related to the psychological formation.From an objective point of view,Chekhov's later work is under the brutal dictatorship of the Russian tsar,people are eager to freedom,but they afraid authority.Although the Russian serfdom was reformed,the serfs did not get real liberation,and they were subject to more severe crush.Political environment and institutional environment are both difficult;the Russian people can only survive in the darkness of society.In addition,Russia's docile,sensitive,extreme,lack of reason,and religious beliefs and other national character,also contributed to the psychological of the characters in the drama.The psychological narratives of these characters in drama are of great significance to drama and aesthetics.In the drama,these characters describe the traditional form of drama creation,the development of Turgenev created "lyrical psychological drama",developed a characters' psychological as the main content of the new form of drama.Showing a of the new drama conflict--"human and environmental conflict",known as the source of modern tragedy.Built a "internal and external dual" the new drama structure,the outside is the plain life,the internal is the psychological world which is hidden under the ordinary life.In the aesthetic,these characters narrate practices the real aesthetic principles,It shows the real expose the contradiction between people,the contradiction between people and the environment,conservative aristocratic landlord class and the contradiction between the emerging bourgeoisie.The psychology of the characters also contains endless philosophical thinking,including thinking about life and loneliness,thinking about the uncertainty of life,the thinking of life's rule.It reflected the loneliness,fatigue and absurd consciousness,which were from the people at the bottom.The author concludes with the focus of these discussions,combing the types of characters,the causes of the characters and the meaning of the characters.I found Chekhov starting from the character psychological,depicting the Russian's life at the turn of the century,and take this life condensed into philosophy.From the drama reflects the light of philosophy is still shining,there is still a guiding significance for modern life.