Study On The Di Bao And Local Management In The Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty land security is established under the county in a grassroots social organization,is a Qing Dynasty rural service.The setting of the land insurance is set in a certain geographical area,and the regional nature is the main principle,and the account has little effect on the setting of the land security.In the case of a number of people in the country,a natural community is usually set up to protect one or two persons,or a land management to manage a number of natural villages,depending on the location.Set the way to the local community as a unit,according to the township set,according to the village set,according to map set,according to Paul set and so on.There are two main sources of income,namely,the administrative subsidies of the government and the local income.In these two kinds of income,from the local income is occupied by the main position,and the official subsidies for the land is often very little.The selection of land security should be seen from the two aspects of its choice and as a candidate.There are two kinds of election methods are mainly rounded up and recommended;as someone else is a well-off households,some rural unemployed people,some honest,loyal people.The status of the land in the Qing Dynasty was often mentioned in the past studies,and it was generally accepted that the identity of the land was low and the status was low.However,the status of land security is relatively low,on the one hand for the literati,the government,the land security status is low,are cheap.On the other hand for the lower people,the land in the grassroots society has a lot of power,often oppress the people,the villagers to the land is actually both hate and fear.The management of the land in the Qing Dynasty was complicated,especially after the mid-Qing Dynasty.With the change of the township duty,the affairs of the land management were more extensive.Its functions related to all aspects of rural life,such as the collection of money and food,handling the case of robbery,management of social order,disaster relief,contractors and other poor.But also in different regions,different times their duties have changed.With the changes in the times to gradually increase the functions of the post-secondary and increased the contractor to do the Westernization,participation in smoking,recruiting soldiers and other duties.Geographical differences also make the functions of the land is different,such as in the south to be responsible for the rural charity work,management smuggling smuggling,responsible for water security work,in the north will have to be responsible for car work.Baojia organization is forced to implement the Qing court in the country,and the land is a gradual rise in the local grassroots organizations.From the functional point of view,both the insurance and the protection of both the focus and complement each other,Bao Jia in the function is focused on security management,and the insurance is as a supplement to the organization,to deal with other rural affairs.From the land and the protection of the process of mutual development between the experience,experienced the early Qing Dynasty Baojia as the main body,after the Qing Dynasty to protect and protect the parallel or to protect the main body of the process.From the organizational point of view,land security and rural co-ordination is usually set aside;in the election,the township has experienced from the election to the process of reincarnation,and the way to choose the land gradually unified;A first rise and then down the process,and later similar to the insurance.Both in the function of both mutual penetration and a certain difference.There is a certain difference between the social security status of the land security and the township contract.On the whole,the township is about to be higher than the land security.However,with the change of the rural contract,the social status of the township has gradually decreased.