Effects Of Social Comparison On Social Decision-making Of Shy Individuals

The researches have shown that shy individuals tend to be more care about the differences between with others and the evaluation of others in their environment.That is to say,it has important significance for the research of the influence of social comparison with different directions for shy individuals.In the new era of rapid development and competition and cooperation,it also has important research significance how shy individuals make social decisions of the most conducive to the development of their own.Therefore,it is the focus of our research to study the social decision performance of shy individuals in different directions of social comparison situations.In this study,using experimental paradigms of self-reference,students of a university in Shandong Province were tested to explore the effects of social comparison on social decision-making of shy individuals with the ultimatum game and prisoner's dilemma game.We had four researches in our paper.Experiment 1 used ultimatum game based on fairness.In the experiment,we explore the decision for shy individuals in the face of unfair allocation when in different social comparison situation.Experiment 2 used prisoner's dilemma game based on trust.In the experiment,we explore the decision for shy individuals in the face of competition / cooperation when in different social comparison situation.On the basis of Experiment 1,using ultimatum game,experiment 3 further varify and explore the decision for shy individuals in the face of unfair allocation when in the parallel social comparison situation.On the basis of Experiment 2,using prisoner's dilemma game,experiment 4 further varify and explore the decision for shy individuals in the face of competition / cooperation when in the parallel social comparison situation.Main results of the three experiments are as follows:In Experiment 1,compared with non-shy individuals,the acceptance rate of unfair allocation for shy individuals was less obviously;in the different directions of social comparison situations,the acceptance rate of unfair allocation in upward social comparison situation was highest,then was the parallel social comparison situation,the rate in the downward comparison situation was the lowest;in the face of social decision scheme,the acceptance rate of fair allocation was significantly higher than that of unfair allocation.Shy individuals tended to show lower acceptance rate of unfair allocation through downward comparison in the ultimatum game.In Experiment 2,the rate of selection of cooperation for shy individuals was significantly less than that for non-shy individuals when facing with the selection situation of competition or cooperation;in the three directions of social comparison,upward social comparison,parallel social comparison and downward social comparison,the rate of selection of cooperation for individuals was decreasing.Shy individuals tended to choose competition through downward social comparison in the prisoner's dilemma game.In Experiment 3,compared with non-shy individuals,the acceptance rate of unfair allocation for shy individuals was less obviously in the parallel social comparison situation;when facing with intimate others,the acceptance rate of unfair allocation was significantly higher than that with strange others.Shy individuals tended to show lower acceptance rate of unfair allocation when facing with strange others through parallel social comparison in the ultimatum game.In Experiment 4,there was no significant difference between the rate of selection of cooperation for shy individuals and that for non-shy individuals when facing with the selection situation of competition or cooperation in the parallel social comparison situation;when facing with intimate others,the rate of selection of cooperation was significantly higher than that with strange others when facing with the selection situation of competition or cooperation.Shy individuals tended to choose competition when facing with strange others through parallel social comparison in the prisoner's dilemma game.