Game Tasks Inherent Conflict Affect Individual Decision-making Behavior

Bazerman etal. considered that there are two conflicting voices in our mind——"should self" and "want self. The "should self" refers to the rationality, cognitive, thoughtful, and reasoned preference of the decision maker, then the "want self" refers to show our emotional affective or impulsive of the decision maker. Decision-making problems we are facing at any time, it will be influenced by variety of factors, because of the multiple self, people are often faced of such a fact in decision-making:what we really want, but not what we think should be done, so people during decisions often want to achieve multiple purposes, and result in a psychological conflict. Therefore, in this study, we explored how the inherent conflict of people induced by multiple self in social decision-making influence on the behavior of individual decision-making.The experiment one of the study adopted the ultimatum game and dictator game task, take a bottom-up deductive approach and "participant-centered" to predicting participates behavior, then by editing a scale of emotional self-rating scale and one question to explore the different definition of participates’self-interest and fairness, and the impact of people’s want/should conflict on their decision-making behavior. The experiment two is mainly to learn from the methods of Dana et al., we investigate the relationship between the internal conflict of the individual and their cooperative behavior by adding one opportunity to exit the game task in the dictator game. The previous studies found that negative emotions caused by the unequal distribution of respondents closely related to the rejection to the proposers. So in experiment three, we tried to explore whether emotion regulation can effectively reduce the individual’s negative emotions, relieve the individual internal conflicts, and increase the individual cooperative behavior.Three experimental studies found that:(1) The definition of self-interest and fairness of the participates is different from the traditional view, and there are individual differences. First of all, the vast majority of people consider the fairness as the experts’view that the fairness is evenly distributed, but there are also few people think that fair is to occupy all or most of the funds; Second, the definition of people’s self-interest is more diverse, some people defined self-interest as access to take all or most of the benefits, but there are also some people feel more enjoyable by share the reward;(2) In the ultimatum game, offers players think they should make are more salient, and offers players want to make are more likely in the dictator game. In addition, in each game there are a large number of individuals take a compromise offer in the task, which different from the results of one foreign research, this inner conflict on the decision-making behavior may be have cultural differences;(3) The propensity to reject offers in the ultimatum game is associated with the number of offers expected to evoke negative emotions, people accept almost fair offers, and with the gradual reduction of the proposed amount, the respondents were more likely to produce negative emotions, and the possibility of rejection increased;(4) The value conflict between what they want and what they believe they should do predicts participates’exiting behavior in the dictator game, people are more likely to exit the game and evade the possibility of cooperation when they experienced strong conflict;(5) The two emotion regulation strategies take a significant effect to people’s behavior in the ultimatum game, they significantly increase the acceptance rate of response to the proposed offers, and the role of cognitive reappraisal particularly notable in the face of inequality proposal;(6) Cognitive reappraisal can change people’s want self, reduce the levels of conflict between their want self and should self, thereby affecting the behavior of people in the after decision-making.