An Observation On The Process Of Grammaticalization About“Gai(?)?Qie(?)?Jin(?)?Gu(?)” In Ancient Chinese

Grammaticalization is a hot issue that the domestic and international grammatic circles pay attention to in the present.The study of grammaticalization mainly investigate the process and situation of grammatical category and grammatical components,and which should systematically and comprehensively investigate semantic?syntax?pragmatic?phonetic aspects.The object of research is the function words in front of sentences,which are peculiar to the language elements and possess great research value in classical Chinese writings.However,the existing researches have focused almost entirely on the high-frequency "Fu(?)",but less care the others,This paper will make overall investigation on the process of grammaticalization about"Gai(?)?Qie(?)?Gu(?)?Jin(?)”in ancient Chinese by using the related theories synchronically and diachronically.Based on this,the author puts forward some viewpoints.This paper consists of three parts:The first part is an introduction that introduces the relevant study of grammaticalization and the function words in front of sentences in academic world,as well as the significance and ojective of this article.The second part is the main body which arranged five sections.The first chapter is definition of concept.This chapter is about analyzing the concepts and correlation of the terms related to the function words in front of sentences,then define an concept for "Gai(?)?Qie(?)?Gu(?)?Jin(?)”.The research shows,the four words belong to the function words that mean "The beginning of narrative",and have topic mark function in the text.The second chapter will talk the grammaticalization of "Gai(?)”and its function.This chapter will discuss the grammaticalization reasons from noun"Gai(?)" to conjunction?adverb "Gai(?)" to the function word.The research shows,the grammaticalization reasons includes the transfromation of cognitive domain?semantic subjectivity and the unstable syntactic distribution.The function word"Gai(?)" mainly introduces happened and factual topics.The third chapter is the grammaticalization of content word "Qie(?)"and its function.This chapter includes three sections about the grammaticalization of "Qie(?)"?the further grammaticalization of progressive conjunction "Qie(?)"?the function of the function word "Qie(?)".The research shows,the grammaticalization path of "Qie(?)" is:time adverb>coordinators>progressive conjunction>the function word.The function word "Qie(?)" introduce subtopic and contrastive topic,which has topic mark function.The fourth chapter is the grammaticalization of "Gu(?)" and its function.This chapter includes three sections about the grammaticalization of content word "Gu(?)"?the formation of function word in front of sentences "Gu(?)"?the topic mark function of the function word "Gu(?)”.The research shows,the grammaticalization path of "Gu(?)”is:noun>conjunction>the function word.The function word "Gu(?)" mainly introduces contrastive topics and change topics.The fifth chapter is the grammaticalization of "Jin(?)".This chapter includes the reconsideration of the function word "Jin(?)"?the grammaticalization path of"Jin(?)".The first section will prove "Jin(?)" is the function word in the pre-Qin period,according to Chinese-Sanskrit intertranslated buddhist sutra?the collation of modification?synonymous text this three parts.The second section discuss the grammaticalization path and reasons of the function word "Jin(?)" by these parts that are syntactic positions?semantic?the salience of time noun.And the topics introduced by "Jin(?)" are present mostly.The third part is a conclusion.In this part,we mainly analyze the similarities and differences of "Gai(?)?Qie(?)?Gu(?)?Jin(?)",and put forword that the four words as the function word have the history time dimension.