The Political Movement Of Muslims In The United Province In The Early 20th Century

India was under British rule at the end of the 19 th century.After the 1857 Mutiny,"Islamic nationalism" was awakened among the Indian Muslim.In this situation,the United Province of northern India grew to be a strong political strength.Not only they carried out political activities actively,but establishment political parties,and even spreading their own political ideas all around of India for fighting for their own political right.In the second half of the nineteenth century,the Muslims were subjected to a series of shocks,which came from the Divide and Rule,as well as the threat from the Hinduism,even the threat of sectarian contradictions among Urdu elite.All of the shocks revealed that the condition of Indian Muslims has been worse under British rule,and establishing a unique political party to promote the teachings of Islam and declare the political needs of Muslims was an only way to protect the right of Islam and the interests of Muslims in India.While the political activities of Muslimsin was most activily in United Province.Thus,large quantities of parties were established in United Province at the beginning of the twentieth century.Such political parties could be separat into "Youth Party"," Old Party" and "The Ulma." Thus,the political trend of Muslims in United Provinces could be explored from the political activities of these parties,which were not strict political parties cause they had no specific charter and membership requirements.Originally initiated from the Aligarh Collage,these political groups of the Muslims in the United Province were divided into two parties —— "Youth Party" and the "Old arty" cause of the different views toward the British rule among college students and teachers,while Ulama was the clergyt that came from he clerical.Muslim parties were founded by the Muslims in the United Provinces at the beginning of the twentieth century,and then spread all over the India.During the complicated political movement period of British rule,Muslim parties could not be self-preservation except for alliance and confrontation among parties if they trend to expanding their influence,even attracting more political believers.As in the Muslim University movement,the "Young party" and the "Old party",which came from Aligha College holding different views on supporting British rule in India.The "Old party"tended to think that only to ensure the British government,Muslims' rights can be guaranteed.However,the "Young Party" believed that the British government playing a bad role in ruling the India.In " Youth Party's view,it is because the British divide and rule,the Indian Muslims falled behind of Hindus in all aspects,which led " Young Party"to take radical anti-British policy,while opposing to " Old party" which supported the British rule.However,while the "Young Party" led the Mosque movement,"tOld party"and Ulama were actively supported the movement,and co-led the Kanpur Mosque.Muslim parties,not only confrontation and cooperation among themslves,but also with the Congress.When Congress stand in line with their own interests and political views,Muslim Parties will cooperate with it,even to join the Congress Party to guide the activities uniting Hindu and indian Muslims.In 1916,under the mediation of Jehovah and Gan,Muslim League led by Yong party signed the Lucknow Agreementand with the Congress..However,if the Congress Party discriminate against India Muslims,tMuslim parties will be bluntly counterattack.Once upon a time,the Congrress tosupported the Indian Muslims for the Caliphate movement,"Old party" clearly opposed because the Caliphate movement was tend to be an religious activity,and this religious color is not conducive to the Indian Muslims for political rights.This paper is divided into three chapters:In the first chapter,the outhor mainly analyze the social situation of Muslims in the United Province,and show the Muslims situation on education,political rights and social status,then explore the inevitability of the Muslim nationalism in India.In the second chapter,the author discusses the role of the Muslim political parties while against the Muslim nationalism in India.At different times,Muslim parties played role.Then,we explored the internal driving force of Muslim nationalism,which is,the Indian Muslims engaged in a series of political exploration for the pursuit of their own rights and their own political destiny.In the third chapter,the author analyzed the external stimulus factors of Muslim nationalism.Under British rule,the power was disparity between Hindus and the Muslims.The Congress represents the interests of Hindus,and its policies committed to the intentional or unintentional offending of Indian Muslims.In order to fight for equal political status with Hindu,Muslims plyed an important role between the parties and the Congress to a certain extent,which stimulated the development of Muslim nationalism,but also affect the attitude of Indian Muslims to Hindus.