Research On The Improvement And Popularization Of Cotton Industry In Sichuan Province During The Anti-Japanese War(1938-1945)

For a long time,due to the environmental restriction,poor varieties and inappropriate cultivation methods and other reasons,the annual output of Sichuan's ginned cotton is less than 400 thousand dan.Since the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937,Sichuan became the center of the anti-war and the base area of food and clothes temporarily,but the contradiction between clothes and quilt supply and demand is becoming more and more prominent.Therefore,in order to ensure the smooth progress of the Anti-Japanese War and achieve the purpose “Anti-Japanese and national instruction”,improving increasing production of cotton industry has become an important way to solve the dilemma of lacking cotton.Since the early years of the Republic of China,Sichuan Zhou Xiaohuai has imported American cotton from Hubei and distributed to various cotton regions in Sichuan to plant.At the same time,Sichuan government has organized to establish test sites of cotton and managed productive loan and a series of improvement activities.However,there is little effect on improvement and promotion of Sichuan cotton because of the restriction of subjective and objective factors,until the outbreak of comprehensive war,Sichuan cotton industry has reached the peak of development.In the period of comprehensive anti-war,the improvement and promotion of Sichuan's cotton industry was shared by Sichuan Provincial Construction Department,the Sichuan Provincial Cotton Production Site,the Sichuan Provincial Government and the County Agricultural Promotion Institute,and the Agricultural Institutions Of the colleagues.The government prepared for the increasing production of cotton by issuing improvement and promotion of cotton industry,completing agricultural institution,pursuing cotton loans,training talents on promoting cotton industry ortaking other measures.Among them,the cotton industry improvement work mainly includes: cotton introduction and breeding,cotton for cultivation experiments;cotton for pest control;the promotion focus on high-quality cotton for public popularization,carrying out promotion methods such as competition and exhibition of planting cotton,preservation and breeding of pure varieties.Meanwhile,strengthen the supervision of cotton trade links by grading cotton,establishing ginnery and organizing cotton marketing cooperatives.With the beginning of the above work,the prewar malaise of Sichuan cotton planting has been change,ushered in "brief spring".Whether in cotton production or farmers' increasing income,cotton textile industry development have achieved some results.However,due to lack of congenital climate,shortage of funds,backward use of farming techniques and fertilizers,low educational level of farmers,unreasonable cotton prices,lack of professional and technical personnel and labor and other factors,Sichuan cotton industrial improvement and promotion presented the development pattern of "skipping”,and did not solve the back of the cotton crisis indeed,the contradiction of raw cotton and textile supply and demand contradiction still exists.