Study On Some Problems Of Han Tombs In Northern Anhui Province

There are a large number of material of tombs in Han Dynasty excavated in Anhui Province,but most of the researches are focused in southern Anhui,while those in northern part is less concerned.The Northern Anhui Province mentioned in this article refers to the six cities centered in Northern Anhui,that is,Huaibei,Suzhou,Bengbu,Fuyang,Huainan,Bozhou and counties under the jurisdiction of the six prefecture-level cities.Methods such as archaeological typology are used to study the material of Han Tombs excavated in above-mentioned areas.Several problems for instance the structure and configuration of the tombs,type and combination of the funeral objects,the influence of the geographical environment.and the comparison of the features of tombs in other areas are discussed.First,the geographical background and historical evolution of the Northern Anhui Province were discussed.Secondly,the academic history of the discovery and research of the Han Tombs was combed.In general,the discoveries of Han Tombs in Northern Anhui increased gradually after the 1990s,the studies were gradually deepened,a preliminary research framework was built,laid a solid foundation for this study.Afterwards,the main methods used in this study are described,such as archaeological typology.In the first chapter,the types of Han Tombs excavated in the region were discussed.Tombs are divided into earthen pit tomb,brick-chambered tomb,brick mixed building tomb and so on,on the basis of their construction materials and plane shape.Based on the researches of typology,the development and evolution of the Han Tombs in Northern Anhui were reviewed,trying to staging and summarize the characteristics of each period.The regular pattern from the perspective of time,the shape of the Han tombs unearthed in northern Anhui showed the vertical cave pit tombs to the characteristics of the brick tombs.There are obvious differences in the form of mainstream tombs in different periods,and there are similar trends in other areas throughout the country during the same period.As far as horizontal inter-relationships between regions are concerned,the mainstream culture in the Central Plains of the Han Dynasty and the Chu Culture in the South have had a certain influence on this place.In the second chapter,the funerary objects excavated from Han Tombs in Northern Anhui are discussed.According to the material quality,it mainly includes potteries,glaze potteries,iron wares and jade objects,and a small amount stone implements,gold and silver wares,glass wares and so on.Then,pottery,such as tripod and kettle,which has more excavated and more complete are researched through typological analysis.It can be seen that the sacrificial vessels made by potteries in the Han Dynasty are increasingly scarce,and the daily necessities such as architectures are increasing.In the third chapter,Han Tombs excavated in the northern Anhui Province are staged.According to the structure and configuration of the tombs,type and combination of the funeral objects,the Han Tombs in Northern Anhui can be divided into three different periods.In early and middle Western Han Dynasty,tombs in earth shaft pit with tripod,case and kettle as funerary objects are more common.But in the late Eastern Han Dynasty,brick-chambered tomb with funerary objects which are daily necessities were becoming more mainstream.In the fourth chapter,other problems of the Han Tombs in Northern Anhui were discussed.Firstly,taking the two Lilou Han Tombs found in Huaibei as a typical case,to discuss the regional characteristics of the Han tomb.Then,according to different geographical location,the Han Tombs in Northern Anhui can be divided into the A area in the north(including Suzhou,Huaibei,Bozhou)and the B area in the south(including Fuyang,Huainan and Bengbu).Similarities and differences of the structure and configuration of the tombs,type and combination of the funeral objects in different times between two areas are compared and analyzed.It is found that the Han Tombs embodies the distinguishing features of Northern Anhui which is a cultural blending area of east and west.Finally,the Han Tombs in the local areas were compared with which were found in Xi' an and Luoyang which are political centers at that time,geographic proximity area such as Xuzhou and Southern Anhui.The structure and configuration of the tombs,type and combination of the funeral objects of those areas are considered to straighten up the uniqueness of Han Tombs in Northern Anhui.In the conclusion part,the holistic characteristics of Man Tombs in Northern Anhui are summarized systematically,to Clarifying its internal staging and partitioning characteristics.The main characteristics such as the trend of the tombs are becoming more and more like mansions and the funerary objects are becoming daily necessities are in accordance with those in other parts of the country at the same time.There are still some other characteristics in the Han Tombs in Northern Anhui which has a common border with north and south:the middle and lower levels of civilian tombs occupied the majority,and the sarcophagus tombs were popular,as well as confluence and coexistence variety of burial cultures.