The Analysis Of Traffic Congestion Characteristics And Its Influencing Factors In Beijing

With the growth of population,the rapid development of economy and the advancement of urbanization,the quantity of motor vehicles is increasing rapidly,and the traffic congestion is becoming more and more serious.Traffic congestion has brought a lot of inconvenience to urban residents' work and life,which has seriously restricted the sustainable development of the city.Traffic congestion has been the focus of attention of many scholars and experts.Urban traffic congestion is mainly caused by the imbalance of traffic supply and traffic demand.The characteristics of traffic demand in Beijing.Firstly,travel demand exceeds supply;secondly,residents travel structure is not reasonable,the proportion of car trip is too high and the proportion of public transport needs to be improved.This paper takes Beijing city as the research object,describes the characteristics of traffic congestion and the influencing factors of road traffic congestion in Beijing City,puts forward the proposal for the Beijing city traffic congestion management and also provides reference for other large cities and even the national traffic jam control.This article takes traffic demand and supply theory and traffic demand management theory as theoretical basis.On the basis of summarizing relevant theories and literatures,the article analyzes the status quo and characteristics of traffic congestion and the influencing factors of congestion in Beijing.Then,based on the time data of 46 up and down lines captured by Baidu map API,the statistical characteristics of road congestion in Beijing were analyzed by cluster analysis and other statistical analysis methods,also the time characteristics of traffic congestion and the spatial characteristics of congestion and other congestion characteristics in Beijing are analyzed.Finally,based on the data of the online grab and field survey,this article uses the polynomial regression model and the multiple regression model to analyze the relationship between the traffic congestion and the number of vehicles and the factors influencing the traffic congestion in Beijing city.Through the analysis of the sample data,this article drawn the following conclusions.Firstly,the congestion characteristics of different sections is different,the biggest feature of congestion is the imbalance of time and spatial distribution.we should take different measures based on different road characteristics,such as limitting the traffic flow,the construction of tidal lanes and other different measures to achieve the purpose of "cut peak fill valley".Secondly,the correspondence between road congestion and the number of vehicles is characterized by "S" type curve.In the case of very smooth road,the increase in the number of vehicles has little effect on the congestion;followed by the increase in the number of vehicles,congestion appears marginal increase;to reach a certain number of vehicles,congestion appears marginal decrease with the number of vehicles increase,and gradually reached saturation.Thirdly,the influencing factors of congestion.Whether there is subway along the road has no significant effect on road congestion,that is the substitution effect of subway on the car is not obvious;the bus station density and bus lanes increased road congestion during the rush hour;the influencing of regional employment population in road area is significant,this part determines the travel demand.Finally,according to the empirical conclusion,controlling traffic demand is the key to deal with traffic congestion.Optimizing the configuration of traffic mode and reducing the number of car are essential.In order to cut the number of vehicles traveling on the road and limit the specific time of a specific section of the traffic flow,we consider using economic levers-congestion charge to increase the cost of using cars.so as to adjust the spatial and time distribution of traffic flow to alleviate the traffic congestion.