Study On The Textbook Of Political Economy In Soviet Union And Rethink On The Road Of Chinese Socialist Construction

Textbook of Soviet Political Economy published by the Soviet Academy of Sciences Institute for economic research in 1954 is an important political-economic writing for the Soviet Union.As for those new socialist countries,it is an important textbook to learn the experience of Soviet Socialist Model,and the book also brought about profound impact in China.The socialism in China was deeply influenced by the Soviet model.However,drawbacks of the Soviet model was initially exposure,and there appeared difficulties in China's socialist construction.In order to explore the socialist construction road suitable to China's conditions,the leaders of China tried to get the summary of the socialist construction experience and the shortcomings of Soviet Socialist model by learning the Manuel d'economie Politique.In the learning and introspection of the textbook,the leaders,such as Mao Zedong,and the theorists put forward many insights.While they didn't break through the Soviet model with institutional constraints due to ideological historical limitations;they just made some adjustments and modifications.After the plenary session,China transited the highly centralized mandatory planning economy into market economy underling the leadership of the Communist Party in the core of Deng Xiaoping.The change leaded the Chinese Economic Reform,broke up the shackles of Soviet model for China's Socialist construction.The most important is that it helped China find the suitable Chinese characteristic socialist construction road.The Chinese characteristic socialist construction road not only broke the constraints of Soviet model,but also surpassed the socialist construction ideology of Mao Zedong etc.;at the same time,it also created a new situation of socialist modernization.The paper will be introduced with an introduction and four chapters.The introduction part introduces the meaning and significance of research on,combed the literature review.Chapter 1 discusses the preparation and basic situation of the textbooks of the Soviet Union.Here I analyzed background for writing the textbook:(1)there is the need for socialist construction in the initial Stage of Socialism;(2)to strength the Communist(Bolshevik)party of Marxist theory education.Therefore,Soviet Academy of Sciences Institute for Economic Research prepared the Manuel d'economie Politique under the auspices of Stalin.On one side,leaders in China did not have the socialism experience,on the other side,the Soviet model was promoted by Stalin.That is why the book was widely disseminated and learned in the socialist countries such as China.Chapter 2 discusses the social background and the basic situation on learning the Manuel d'economie Politiqu.In the initial stage of socialism,lack of theoretical knowledge of Socialist construction and gradually exposed social problems caused by"three red flags" prompted China's Communist leaders and theorists pay attention to and study the textbook.They tried to understand the Marxist theory through learning Manuel d'economie Politiqu,whose higher goal was to master the law of socialist construction.In addition,they began exploring of socialist construction road suitable to China's conditions,and those promoted the process of Marxism in China.Chapter 3 discusses the learning and reflection about the Manuel d'economie Politiqu among Communist Party leaders and theorists.By copying the Soviet model of socialism,China established a highly centralized political system and economic system of mandatory plans,therefore gradually promoted the economic recovery and development.However,in the process of socialist construction,leaders recognized the weakness of the Soviet Union,and they actively explored how to solved them.Unfortunately,the exploring did not persist,and the Chinese Communists did not surpass the Soviet model.At the same time,theoretical analysis of thought on socialist construction of Stalin's and Mao Zedong etc.was carried out with the help of the textbook.The analysis result not only recognized the science of the textbook,also showed the historical limitations of this work,and the theorists put forward many appropriate suggestions on socialist construction in the specific time.Under the influence of "Left ",the thinking did not get rid of the shackles of old ideas,and the correct ones were not taken seriously.Chapter 4 is the conclusion part,here the history is reviewed and examined.The Manuel d'economie Politique produced complex and far-reaching historical influence for Chinese.During the 1950s and 1960s,China didn't radically broke through the Soviet mode through learning and reflecting the textbook.The second generation of Communist leaders with Deng Xiaoping as the core summarized the experience of socialist construction,established the development of market economic system in China,and explored socialism with Chinese characteristics by upholding reform and opening up.Socialism with Chinese characteristics socialism is suitable for China's development model,it breaks through the Soviet model and creates a new situation of socialist modernization.This paper analyzes the introduction of Textbook of Soviet Political Economy,and learning and reflection among leaders and theorists in China,which revealing the history from studying to reflecting the Soviet model of Communist Party of China.As proved by the Chinese revolution and construction practice,we must persist in proceeding from actual situation of the country but copy the experience of other countries,no matter in times of revolution or socialist construction dogmatism.