The Change Of Rural Elites Formation Since 1949

After 1949,the state power went down to the grassroots level through a series of political movement like the land reform movement and agricultural cooperations.So that rural social resources were redistributed and the structure of rural power was reshuffled,rural society was divided into “Cadres-the Masses”.After the reform and opening-up,the state power withdrew from rural society,and the allocation of rural resources,the structure of rural power changed again.So the phenomenon of peasant social stratification was more salient and diverse and the stratification of “Elite-Ordinary villagers”became the main characteristic of rural society.Elites' abilities,capitals and qualities are significant to the development of rural society.At present,the state is strongly promoting rural society Supply Side Reform,so the research of rural elites is conducive to exploring theirs' positive effects in rural social reform and development.Although there are many studies about various aspects of rural elites and have a lot of results,I found that explore the formation of rural elites in different historical backgrounds with a diachronic view was a interesting topic.Therefore,this paper researches the change of rural elites' formation since the founding of 1949,summarizes the different characteristics of rural elites formation in two stages of the Planned Economy and after the reform and opening-up.In order to better serve the rural social reform.This paper takes a rural community in Guanzhong as a research case,takes the Life Course theory as the analysis frame,adopts the method of field survey to carry on the research,collects the data by interview and literature,takes the life history research method and the longitudinal comparison method as the basic analysis method.Firstly,this paper briefly teased and summarized the characteristics of rural elites change since 1949.Secondly,this paper analyzed how the backgrounds,social network and individual initiative influence a man to be a rural elite with the Life Course theory as a frame.There are basic research results:Firstly,the rural elites type was single and only the political elites were active in the planned economy.The rural political elites appeared cycle characteristics and the homogeneity was serious.Secondly,after the reform and opening-up,the rural elites type became various.It appeared that the political elites had reproduction characteristics and realized the success that transited to the economic elites.The economic elites appeared cycle characteristics and they encountered many obstacles in the process of transition to the political elites.Thirdly,the power sources and the formation conditions of rural elites in different times are different.The impact from family on rural elites' formation from family class in the planned economy period to the family resources after the reform and opening-up.Rural elites use economic capital and political capital to obtain social prestige to realize capital reproduction through donating to village public welfare undertakings.After the reform and opening-up,education and skill and other human capitals gradually appear on the formation of rural elites.