Research On The Design Of Emergency Shelter Management Mechanism In Tianjin Municipality

Due to the high concentration of urban population and wealth,as well as the impacts of the city's characteristics on the disasters,the losses of urban disasters are increasing.It is of great significance to improve the city's ability of resisting disasters and reducing casualties and property losses,whether from the perspective of human development or from the perspective of economic and social development.Emergency shelter,as a kind of urban emergency response infrastructure,is of great significance to improve the ability of urban comprehensive disaster reduction.The United States,Japan and many other countries have attached great importance to the construction and management of emergency shelters.They have done a lot of effective work,and have a chieved remarkable results in disaster reduction.Our country has built a large number of emergency shelters since 2003.Achievements of planning and construction of emergency shelters have been made,and many successful experiences achieved.However,ther e remains insufficient in the management of emergency shelters.Especially,an effective management mechanism and management system were not formed.According to the lack of effective management of emergency shelters,t he chief aim of this paper is to build an emergency shelter management mechanism,by referring to domestic and foreign relevant theory research and practical relief work experience in disasters.Based on the theory of urban disaster,emergency evacuation behavior and emergency shelter constructions,combined with the present situation of urban disasters and emergency shelters in Tianjin Municipality,this paper divided emergency shelters in Tianjin Municipality into three levels,designed emergency shelter management mechanism in Tianjin Municipality.Seven modules should be included: personnel management mechanism,the materials management mechanism,equipment and facilities management mechanism,information management mechanism,Non-Governmental Organizations cooperation mechanism,safety management mechanism,emergency plan and exercise management mechanism.And the specific content of each module is designed.Finally,taking Nankai District as an example,some suggestions for improvement of construction and management are presented.The innovations of this paper lies in:(1)The division of the three levels of emergency shelter is not based on the area.Give full consideration to the experience of the actual disaster relief work,the characteristics of the emergency evacuation behavior and specific circumstances of Tianjin Municipality.The scheme has lower cost and good feasibility.(2)Designed a complete set of emergency shelter management mechanism,and take Nankai District as an example,designed the management system of emergency shelters.