Study On The National Identity Of The Yang's Of Bozhou

Tusi system,also known as native chieftan system,was a transitional political system for governing ethnic groups of border regions in Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties.The essence of this system was to play off one power against the other.On the whole,the essence of Tusi system was generally in line with political appeals of Tusi(chieftains).This system had been always a part of histories and imposed positive impacts.Nevertheless,chieftains' national identity of dynastic states,Tusi system and local regimes in dynamic states had gradually become inconsistent as central authorities were constantly centralized and Tusi system became increasingly more mature in these states.It was just because of such structural differences in chieftains' national identity that led to their lack of national identity and denial of their dynastic al states.This paper traces chieftains' national identity under specific historical frameworks and conditions,in hope of reflecting causes of chieftains' betrayal of their states and structural differences in their national identity from changes to chieftains' national identity in Yang clan of Bozhou in Yuan and Ming dynasties.This paper is divided into three major parts as follows.Part 1 is the introduction,which focuses on briefly reviewing origin of chieftains' national identity in Yang clan of Bozhou and the history of these chieftains' academic research.Meanwhile,research methods and related concepts are defined.Part 2 is the main body of this paper.In the first section,origin of Yang clan,its chieftains' setting and evolution as well as political,cultural and geographical backgrounds of their national identity are described.It is pointed out that political operations of past dynasties,Yang clan's cultural construction and geo-politic integrity underpinned national identity of Yang clan of Bozhou.In the second section,Yang clan's national identity of Yuan Dynasty is analyzed based on their attitudes towards central royal power,Tusi system and local regimes.At last,it is concluded that Yang clan of Bozhou had a relatively high sense of identity for royal power,Tusi system and local regimes in Yuan Dynasty.In the third section,Yang clan's national identity ofYuan Dynasty is analyzed according to its attitudes towards central royal power,Tusi system and local regimes.Besides,the rebellion of Yang Yinglong,namely a man from Bozhou,is depicted.It is reported that Yang clan had a relatively high sense of identity for royal power of Ming Dynasty,whereas it only partially agreed with Tusi system and local regimes of Ming Dynasty.This indicates the structural differences in national identity of Yang clan in Bozhou of Ming Dynasty.In the fourth section,factors impacting chieftains' national identity in Yuan and Ming dynasties are analyzed in combination with political and economic conditions of related states,concepts for governing border areas,Tusi system,chieftains' status and personalities,in order to demonstrate diversity of chieftains' national identity.Part 3 is the conclusion of this paper.Apart from a macroscopic,mesoscopic and microscopic summary of factors affecting chieftains' national identity,this part structurally analyzes chieftains' national identity and suggests that changes to their national identity resulted from its inherent structural differences.