Research On The Choice Of Enterprises' Science And Technology Policy Tools

At present,a new round of technological revolution and industrial revolution,the Internet,artificial intelligence,brain science and others new science with new technology as one falls another rises,all countries strive to improve the world status by science and technology innovation,and the enterprise is the main subject of innovation,even more the main target group of science and technology policy.Enterprises as the main subjects of innovation,are the main target group of the science and technology policy.Facing the goal of completing the construction of innovative country in 2020 and the status that new ideas,new conclusions and new requirements about technological innovation proposed in the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,in one hand the local governments try to carry on the new instructions of scientific and technological innovation,on the other hand,develop a series of science and technology innovation policies for strengthening the innovative and subjective position of enterprise and stimulating the local economic vitality.Because of the choice of policy tools and the local government technology policy tools directly affect the results of policies and the role of local science and technology policies respectively,it's necessary to study the status of local science and technology policies and optimization.At the same time,in academic circle,the studies of science and technology policy mainly focused on the national level and the research of single science and technology policy tool,but the research of science and technology policy to city especially treat the enterprise as research target is less.This paper is focused on the research of Zhenjiang science and technology enterprise policy tools,in order to develop new thinking and inspired for local governments in the science and technology policy developing.In this paper,the concept and connotation of enterprise science and technology policy tools were firstly known and analyzed on science and technology policy,policy tools,enterprise science and technology policy tools these three parts.The main object of the choose,design and usage of enterprise science and technology policy tools is government and government departments of science and technology.The policy target receptor is the enterprises.The policy goal is to boost innovation and development of enterprises.The policy tools in the government policy toolbox are the kinds of technology?mechanism?means?methods and strategies which are related to technological innovation of enterprises and changed with the object environment and the subject idea of the policymaker.The government should choose the policy tools rationally,to make up for the market failure,standardize innovation behavior of enterprises and promote effective innovation of enterprises.As for the classification and selection theory of the enterprise science and technology innovation policy tools.In this paper the connotation and advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of policy tools of supply,demand and environment were explained.And the the policy objectives,selection background,tool characteristics,target receptor and so on were fully considered and the policy inertia factor should be overcomed when the science and technology policy were choose to get the best policy tool combination.On the basis of the definition of core concept and basic theory interpretation,this paper gives a subjective description of the main measures that Zhenjiang promoting enterprise innovation such as the financial support?talent support?research and development platform?public service?carrier construction?finance?tax concessions,and further analyzes the factors that influence the choice of Zhenjiang's science and technology policy tools.It is considered that the solution to the shortage of funds,lack of talents,low consciousness of independent innovation,weak sense of independent innovation and low research and development ability and innovation environmental are the problems of science and technology innovation policy,and the science and technology enterprises's demands of five aspects of resources?technology?service?environment and market are important factors influencing government to choose science and technology innovation policy.In order to make up for the subjectivity when describing the present situation of Zhenjiang selecting and using the enterprise's technology policy tools,this paper uses content analysis method to analyze 30 policy texts from 2013 to 2017,constructing the basic policy tools dimension and the enterprises' demands dimension analysis frame.In the basic policy tool dimension,the analyze data discover that environmental surface policy tools have been used too much(accounted for 54.05%in the three policy instruments),demand-side policy tools are low used(accounting for 12.61%in the three policy tools),and the use of policy tools is uneven,such as the use of capital investment policy tools is much more than others,the marketing and the government service policy tools are lacking.In the enterprise demand dimension,it is found that the policy tools have not met the demand of the enterprises reasonably.Too many policy tools applied to resource requirements,accounting for 37.84%,and few policy tools to meet market demand,less than 7.21%.At the same time,the use of some policy tools is still on the strategic level,operability is not strong.To address these issues,this paper analyzes the reasons with the theories of policy tool selection,and puts forward some suggestions to optimize the enterprises' science and technology policy,including increasing the innovation of demand-side policy tools?improving the effectiveness of supply-side policy tools and enhancing the continuity of environmental policy tools,to realize the coordination and unification of the use of the three kinds of policy tools.Strengthening government service and market promotion policy tools,optimizing public service?research and development platform?association alliance?science and technology finance?intellectual property and other key policy tools,enhancing the operational level of policy,to further improve the science and technology policy system.Promoting the diversification of policy subjects and playing its role.Establishing a scientific policy evaluation system,increasing awareness of policy tools,to optimize the process factors of policy choice,reduce the artificial preference,improve the fairness and efficiency of the policy.