Research On The Evolution Process Of University Schools And Departments Setting In China From 1895 To 1949

As the core element of the university, schools and departments are the vital carrier to undertake the basic functions of the higher education. At present, there are lots of problems in the arrangement of the schools and departments, such as, the comprehensive of discipline is comparatively low, the number of the school is overriding high and the allocation of managerial power is relatively uneven. Therefore,we can know the former forms of schools and departments setting through making a research of schools and departments setting in universities and the characteristics of the development of the school. And it is beneficial to guide the leaders to make a scientific arrangement of the schools and departments.Taking the four hundred-old universities- Peking University, Tianjing University,Nanjing University and Wuhan University as example, This research divided it into four stages, that is to say, the first stage(1895-1912) is the establishment of the Government of Republic of China; The second stage(1912-1919) comes from the outbreak of the May Fourth movement which happened from 1912 to 1919; The third stage(1919-1929) is the promulgated of University Organization Statute from 1919 to 1929; And the fourth stage(1929-1949) is the establishment of the new China from 1929 to 1949. Through observed the titles, structure, numbers and managerial power of schools and departments setting in the different stages of the four universities, we can know that our university schools and departments setting experienced the structure changes from‘one phylum' to‘ one department' to ‘one academy 'during 1895 to 1949.schools have been set up according to the disciplines categories with the characteristics of small numbers and stable structures. However, the settlements of departments enjoy a large number of branches because of outside influence. The mark of feudalism and the centralized characteristics which embodied from the school names, the coverage area ofsubject major and the management style in the period of the initial stage university is exhausting, and eventually formed the school and department setting and management system which is similar to American college.In terms of generalization, the evolution process of our university schools and departments setting before 1949 th shows the following characteristics. Firstly, the evolution process of the university school and department setting is closely related to the changes and development of the politics, economy, culture of the modern society.Secondly,schools and departments setting is neither the nature evolution of the traditional Chinese education institutions, nor the result of learning western holistic. The third,the evolution process of the school and department setting is a process which speed up slowly.