Study On The Value Orientation Of Middle School History Textbooks In The Early Days After Foundation(1949-1953)

Textbook is an important medium of teaching,not only to provide the knowledge necessary to study,but also being the carrier of social mainstream ideology and values.Since the content of textbooks needs to be strictly selected according to certain values to reflect author's or compilers' values and represent the interests of certain groups,it is difficult to remain neutral on the choice of value in textbooks.It always tends to contain certain values,and passes ideology,social class and other information to students.Through textbooks,students can not only accumulate the common historical memory,but also are gradually influenced and shaped by the hidden value orientation,and become citizens with common consciousness and national identity.All aspects of the international and domestic political and economic changes have occurred in early days(1949-1953),and the new regime established by the Communist Party of China is anxious to reshape national identity,national consciousness and national character,and begins to reform China's education according to their own sense of form and actual needs.During that period,dramatic changes in the connotation of history education have been underwent,and values of textbooks are significantly different from the past ones.First,from the perspective of political value orientation,contents whether the economic,diplomatic,institutional,national concept,or culture,social values in the middle school history textbooks,are mostly revolved around political issues with a clear tendency to state to instill some abstract political criteria into students,such as concept of the state,class and ethnics.The function of three factors is to win the wide recognition about the formation of political ideas.Second,from the perspective of economic value orientation,attention is not paid to the socio-economic situation of that time in the middle school history textbooks based on the political history.In addition,it is not the focus of rulers at that time.Even if mentioned occasionally,it is related with the content on policy and system,such as the concept of emphasizing agriculture and state-operated.Finally,from the perspective of cultural value orientation,moral and religious values are more prominent in the middle school history textbooks in the early days.Among them,there are more moral values centered on patriotism in the middle school history textbooks of the early days after foundation to nurture students' deeper emotion and more determined support to their motherland.In terms of religious ideas,in the early days after foundation,history textbooks always choose relevant material that could reflect the distinct characteristics of the times,and highlights the relation between religion and class,reflect the cohesion of religion,expected to take history as a mirror,avoid the bias in the religious culture conflict.