A Study On The Fertility Desire Of Two Children Of Married Couples

Fertility is an important human behavior to realize human reproduction,intergenerational transmission and reproduction.According to statistics,"12th Five-Year",China's total population continues to grow,at the end of 2014 reached 1 billion 368 million,the affected population age structure and adjustment of fertility policy,population from 2010 15 million 920 thousand to 2014 16 million 870 thousand,to maintain growth momentum.Although the number of newborn population has increased,but the population according to the age of childbearing age women of childbearing age,calculated the total fertility rate of women of childbearing age in 2015 was 1.047.In the developed countries to achieve a balanced birth rate of 2.17 births,in developing countries to achieve a balanced birth rate of 2.3 births,China is a developing country,the ideal fertility rate should be 2.3.It is obvious that the fertility rate in our country is much lower than the birth rate.The reason for this result,scholars generally believe that one is due to the limitation of family planning policy on the part of business people will,with the economic development of two is due to a part of people's fertility desire is changing,life,work,parenting and other parties cost pressure to make fewer and better birth concept has gained.There is no doubt that the aging of the population,gender imbalance and other issues have seriously affected the financial burden,constraining China's economic vitality and social innovation.Some scholars believe that taking advantage of fertility policy will have an impact on fertility and flexibility,should be timely to adjust the fertility policy to stimulate people's fertility wishes.Adjustment of fertility policy directly affects the consumption,employment,pension and other livelihood issues and the development of the national economy,is the realization of"13th Five-Year plan" an important part of the.China of the fifth session of the eighteenth plenary session of the Central Committee bulletin pointed out:to promote the balanced development of population,adhere to the basic national policy of family planning,improve the population development strategy,the full implementation of a couple can have two children policy,actively cope with population aging action.This is the second in 2013,in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided to start the implementation of the two separate child policy again after the adjustment of population policy.However,from the effect of the implementation of a separate two child policy feedback,let alone two child policy,eligible couples of childbearing age in 12 million,only 1 million 100 thousand of the real application,the number of applications for the birth of two children is significantly lower than expected,and did not appear for freshmen of large-scale export packing phenomenon.Now full two child policy liberalization,and will add a large number of people in line with the policy of school-age.As a comprehensive study of the two child policy can achieve the desired effect,to explore people's overall fertility desire after the two child policy liberalization has not changed,and what has happened;what factors affect people's fertility desire,whether maternity insurance has influence on the fertility desire.The author uses the following research methods,literature review to understand the current status of research at home and abroad,the production of questionnaires to collect first-hand information,and chart analysis,the survey data to explain.The survey in Xinxiang city of Henan Province,in the form of a questionnaire,according to the comprehensive city after the two child policy liberalization,married couples of child-bearing age and fertility desire and its understanding of the birth insurance and birth control policy,the practical method for network questionnaires were received back 300 questionnaires,258 valid questionnaires.The valid rate is 86%.The questionnaire is divided into three parts,the 44 question.The first part,personal and family basic information.The second part,fertility desire.The third part,birth insurance.The basic personal and family information,for which the number of children and the measurement of fertility desire,child gender preference,cross analysis of children,to explore the impact of individual and family factors of fertility desire.On the issue of maternity insurance,in order to understand the sample of maternity insurance coverage and the level of protection,to explore the relationship between birth insurance and sample fertility wishes.Statistical analysis showed that through the questionnaire,individual factors,men than women,the number of agricultural household than non-agricultural household registration,non party members,higher than the non only child than the only child has a child will,the level of education is not significant on the number of children affected,no fixed occupation.Have a higher number of children than the fixed occupation intention occupation types;family factors,family monthly income of the lowest and highest profile two people have a higher number of children will,the middle grade is not significantly affected.In the spouse's occupation,the non fixed occupation has the higher fertility child's willingness to be more than the fixed occupation.The influence of housing condition on fertility desire is not significant.There are a number of children,the more children,the number of children will have more.In the child care problem,respondents who were able to get their parents or other help had a higher willingness to have children than those who took care of their children.In child sex,sons and daughters has become mainstream.In the time to give birth to children,the policy effect is not obvious within 1 years,2-3 years after the birth of the policy changes will usher in the peak.The impact of people's desire for fertility survey found that choose not to have children and as long as a child's respondents said that child care,economic capacity,work reasons,is the main reason affecting their willingness to bear.Reproductive insurance,the coverage is narrow,the level of health care services are lagging behind,the level of economic compensation is low,the problem of short maternity leave are restricting the reproductive insurance for reproductive age couples to protect the reproductive behavior.Thus,the author gives the following suggestions:Strengthen the population monitoring,improve the family planning service;increase the investment of medical resources,deal with the population growth,strengthen the policy propaganda,promote the implementation of the policy,improve the maternity insurance,and promote the fertility desire.Study on fertility intention should be a long-term sustained attention,the author writes only to the full two children after the introduction of this policy in a short time as the research background,analysis of the lack of a long-term comparison,and the scope of this investigation only in Xinxiang city of Henan Province as an example,do not have to large-scale promotion the conclusion and suggestion,this is the lack of this study.