| Exploring the impact of pension insurance and maternity insurance on fertility can broaden the research scope of influencing factors of fertility,help to explore effective measures to promote fertility from the perspective of social insurance,and is of great value to China’s economic development and social stability.In view of the fact that residents have not yet implemented the maternity insurance system,this paper mainly discusses the impact of employee pension insurance and maternity insurance on employee fertility rate.It is necessary to study the influencing factors of fertility to meet the challenge of low fertility.In the process of national development,there has been a decline in fertility with the improvement of economic development,especially in some developed countries.As Asian developed countries,South Korea and Japan have reached a low level in fertility.According to the data of the seventh census just released,China’s new born population will be 12 million in 2020,down 18% from 2019.According to this figure,China’s total fertility rate is 1.3,which is in a low fertility trend.Relevant data show that the average fertility willingness of Chinese people is significantly lower than that of Japan and South Korea.Without the promotion of efficient policies,China’s newborn population is likely to fall to less than 10 million in the next few years,and the fertility rate is even lower than that of Japan.Therefore,it is urgent for China to stabilize the fertility rate.So after the long-term implementation of the family planning policy,what other means can regulate the fertility rate and effectively solve the problem of population structure?Exploring the factors affecting the fertility rate from the perspective of social insurance is conducive to seeking effective measures to improve the fertility rate.The main items of social insurance cover five types of insurance,including pension insurance,medical insurance,career insurance,industrial injury and maternity insurance.After a comprehensive analysis of the possible impact of the five insurances on the fertility rate,it is found that pension insurance and maternity insurance have a more direct impact on the fertility rate.Some experience of developed countries shows that effective social security,that is,the implementation of old-age and maternity insurance,will have an impact on fertility,and these adjustment means have different effects in different regions.The data analysis shows that under certain conditions,the employee pension insurance has a negative impact on the employee fertility rate on the whole,and the employee maternity insurance has a positive impact on the employee fertility rate on the whole.However,the factors affecting fertility are multiple and complex.When the relevant conditions change,the conclusion affecting fertility will also change.Using a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical test,this paper studies the effect of pension insurance and maternity insurance on fertility,and further studies the regulatory effect of maternity insurance and pension insurance on fertility.Firstly,based on intergenerational wealth flow theory,child quantity and quality substitution theory and fertility cost effect theory,this paper makes a theoretical analysis on the effect of pension insurance and maternity insurance on fertility rate;Secondly,based on the analysis of the development process and characteristics of national pension insurance and maternity insurance,spss26 0 software for k-means clustering.Three differentiated and representative provinces of Qinghai Province,Jiangsu Province and Hubei Province are selected from 30 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government as the representatives of regional research to analyze the fund revenue and expenditure of employee pension insurance and maternity insurance,the effect of policy adjustment and the relationship with fertility rate in the sample provinces;Thirdly,study the development status of fertility and the factors affecting fertility;Finally,build a model to analyze the impact of maternity insurance and pension insurance on fertility rate.In terms of data selection,taking the data of 30 provinces(cities and autonomous regions)from 2006 to 2020 as the research object,this paper first analyzes the impact of maternity insurance and pension insurance on fertility through the individual time double fixed effect model.The interactive model is used to explain the regulatory effect of maternity insurance and pension insurance on fertility rate,so as to provide a theoretical basis for putting forward social insurance related measures to improve fertility rate.Research shows that pension insurance and maternity insurance are important factors affecting fertility.There are many factors affecting fertility,including multiple factors such as economy,society and policy.The effect of various factors on fertility is not fixed.But on the whole,the impact of old-age insurance on fertility is negatively correlated under the research conditions of this paper,that is,the improvement of employees’ old-age insurance security level has an inhibitory effect on fertility;The impact of maternity insurance on fertility rate is positively correlated under the research conditions of this paper,that is,the improvement of maternity insurance security level can promote the fertility rate,and the regulation effect of the two insurance on the fertility rate is more clearly explained through the visual diagram.Based on the research conclusion,this paper puts forward the policies and measures to promote the fertility rate from the perspective of pension insurance and maternity insurance.First,improve the level of maternity insurance by improving relevant laws and regulations and the allocation of educational resources;Secondly,extend the coverage time span of maternity insurance and explore the use of maternity annuity to provide more long-term protection for women’s childbirth;Finally,explore measures to reduce the negative impact of old-age insurance on fertility and improve the multi pillar old-age insurance system. |
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