Spatial Patterns And Equality Of Compulsory Education Resources In The Poor Mountainous County

Since the implementation of compulsory education,the development of basic education in China has achieved fruitful results in the past 30 years,and the level has been greatly improved,which has laid a solid foundation for the long-term development of China's education.However,due to the different implementation,the schools gap is gradually widening.The phenomenon of inequality in basic education has become increasingly prominent,affecting the promotion of equitable education,and being a major obstacle to the further development of education.The research on the spatial distribution and spatial equality of compulsory education resources is of great significance to promote the rational utilization of basic education resources and realize the educational fairness.At the same time,the mountainous has the characteristics of inconvenient transportation,scattered population and rapid population change.It is of universal significance to study the equality of compulsory education resources in the poor mountainous county.Taking Songxian as an example,the paper analyzes the spatial distribution of schools from different aspects by using trend model,voronoi polygon,buffer and hotspot analysis with rendering in 1997,2007 and 2015.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The spatial distribution of primary schools presents “low east,high west”,and the junior high schools is opposite,presenting “high east,low west”.A large number of schools in the south of Songxian were revoked,and the “high south,low north” distribution was reversed.The role of the radiation effects and policy adjustments of the central city makes the north-south direction changes faster than the east-west direction.With the development of Songxian education,the number of schools decreases,and the trend lines smooth gradually.The spatial distribution is becoming more and more uniform.(2)The spatial distribution of schools presents “one planar and two linear agglomeration areas”.In the northern part of Songxian,a high dense distribution area along the northeast-southwest direction is formed,and the planar distribution area coincides with the shallow hilly area.The two linear agglomeration areas are formed along the S247 and G311.With the reduction of schools,the spatial agglomeration state is gradually declining.(3)The schools' service area is smaller.Due to the different reduction proportion of schools in kinds of areas,the proportion of service area in the shallow hilly area increases relatively,and the low mountainous decrease.So the higher the terrain,the more significant reduction.(4)In contrast to the relationship between the primary schools and the teaching points,it finds that there is a negative correlation between the two types of schools.The teaching points distribute less in the areas where the primary schools densely distribute,and the level of teaching points is weak in the areas where the comprehensive quality of primary schools is high.Based on the education datas in 2015,this paper statistics the amount of educational resources,the distance to the nearest school,the mumber of school choice opportunities and the attractiveness of the school to measure equality degree of education in various schools,analyze the main influencing factors and put forward some suggestions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The spatial distribution of educational resources in townships is unequal,and presents a large regional difference.There is a phenomenon that the insufficient and surplus of educational resources coexists.The gap of equalization index is large,and the polarization of educational development is prominent.(2)Under the same series of index system,the equal level in primary schools is higher than junior middle schools.The educational equality of primary schools is better than the average and distributes uniformly.On the contrary,the equalization index of junior high schools is mostly below average and differs significantly.(3)Among the main influencing factors of educational equality,the population density has an important impact on the indicators of educational equality.As the number of schools is known and the population density is large,the majority of school-age children study in the same school will form a competitive relationship of the limited educational resources,resulting in the decline of the educational equality.(4)The distribution of the educational equality indicators is in line with the central-periphery model.Taking Chengguan town as the core,the radiation effects of the center town become weaker with the increase of distance,and the index of educational equality is gradually decreasing.In this way,it will show different levels of equality circles surrounding the core area.