On Educational Relief Implemented By Nanjing National Government For Students From Northeast China During The Anti-Japanese War

After the September 18th Incident,schools at all levels in Northeast China were successively closed, occupied or mandatorily dissolved by Japanese invaders, which made its school education into an impasse. After the establishment of Manchukuo,Japanese invaders established slavery educational institutions in Northeast China to fully implement slavery education. They tampered with textbooks, changed Chinese educational system and enforced Japanese to be learnt, attempting to devoid northeast students' concept of motherland, national consciousness and erode their struggling will of anti-Manchu-Japanese movement. Since students in northeast China hated to depend on Japan, they quitted school, leading numerous students waiting for help at home and abroad. Meanwhile, to cultivate enslaved intellectuals, Japanese invaders controlled northeast students of studying abroad and caused great damage to northeast study-abroad career. Former examination of studying abroad in Northeast China was suddenly stopped,leading patriotic students to losing their chances of studying abroad. Students who already studied abroad met financial problems with overseas tuition fees interruption and need urgent help. For these reasons, Ministry of Education of the national Government adopted a series of measures to relieve northeast students of dropping out. Under special social circumstances of that time, though these measures were difficult to save all northeast students,in a long term,they still rescued a large number of northeast youths and kept northeast education a slim chance of survival. These measures not only protected students from slavery education, but also enlarged new forces to northeast anti-Japanese movement. Ministry of Education of the national government adopted appropriate funds to relieve overseas students, to help them complete their studies and returning service, and selected by examination northeast students to study in Europe and America, which benefits the northeastern development of studying abroad in the future.Hence, this paper divides the students according to the exiled areas of the northeast students. Those students are divided into students inside the Shanhai Pass, students outside the Shanhai Pass and overseas students. The paper analyzes and researches how those northeast students got the education relief from the national government, in order to understand the historical truth of the education initiatives of the national government during the war of resistance against Japan and their effects, so as to strengthen and enrich the researches on the history of education during China's modern history, especially during the war of resistance against Japan.