A Contrastive Study Of Disaster Education In Middle Schools In Earthquake-hit Area

School disaster education is one of the basic work of disaster prevention and mitigation,more and more attention by all countries.According to the regional characteristics and cultural background to carry out disaster education,not only can make some effective disaster relief methods and disaster prevention and mitigation measures to be implemented,but also make the local people to obtain effective disaster prevention and mitigation knowledge and skills.Based on the questionnaire survey and interview,this paper expounds the difference of the earthquake disaster education in different middle schools in 2010 Ms7.1 Yushu earthquake-hit area and2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-hit area of Baoji and Hanzhong in Shaanxi province,and analyzes its influencing factors.According to the wishes of the students,teachers and parents in both regions to provide some suggestions for the improvement and development of school disaster education in both regions,and to provide some reference for the development of disaster education for local schools.The main conclusions are as follows:(A)The present situation and difference of disaster education curriculum in both regions:1,China's disaster-related courses that did not highlight the regional characteristics,can not meet the local needs,resulting in both regions of the students and geography and disaster knowledge of their attention is not high.Yushu's geography teachers,schools and more than Baoji and Hanzhong students,geography teachers,schools do not pay more attention to the knowledge of disasters in geography;2,Tibetan view that natural disasters are the result of heaven's punishment for mankind may be caused by Yushu's school and students than Baoji and Hanzhong's schools and students do not attach importance to safety education of natural disaster.Schools in both regions and Baoji and Hanzhong's students pay more attention to theprevention of fighting knowledge teaching or learning,Yushu area by the Tibetan Buddhism "five precepts" in the role of non-theft more attention to the prevention of theft knowledge teaching or learning.Flood season caused by floods,landslides and other geological disasters in Baoji and Hanzhong,but flood,collapse,landslides,debris flow and other natural disasters occur less in Yushu.Therefore,Baoji and Hanzhong school more attention than the Yushu's school to prevent floods,heavy rain disaster.Yushu,although the earthquake zone,but the earthquake frequency is low,a small earthquake on the local residents have little effect.Baoji and Hanzhong earthquake mainly affected by the surrounding strong earthquake,the region almost no effect.Therefore,although both areas are earthquake-stricken areas,but the importance of preventing earthquakes is not the highest.After experiencing the earthquake,the geography class and the relevant knowledge of disaster knowledge and safety education significantly improved in both regions.3,Baoji and Hanzhong has a strong financial resources can provide a lot of money and professionals into the school disaster education.Coupled with the introduction of the relevant departments of the disaster prevention and mitigation policy than Yushu relevant departments,more detailed and targeted,so more to ensure that the school disaster prevention activities carried out,the formulation of plans and related work,and disaster prevention and mitigation activities and plans to carry out better than Yushu.Yushu due to economic backwardness,the lack of human and material resources to carry out disaster prevention and mitigation activities,coupled with China's examination-oriented education model led to some schools do not take the initiative to carry out disaster prevention and mitigation activities.(B)The recommendations of improve or optimize the two regions of secondary school earthquake disaster education:1,More teachers and students in both regions think that the knowledge content of earthquake disaster in the geography class is less and organized and practical in general;More students in both regions think that "disaster knowledge" as much as "disaster prevention and mitigation strategies and skills",but the teachers believe that "disaster knowledge" is more than "disaster prevention and mitigation strategies and skills".More Yushu's teachers and students to evaluate the content is easy,but Baoji and Hanzhong's students to evaluate the content is more difficult;More teachers in both regions and more Baoji and Hanzhong's students evaluation content is not practical,but more Yushu's students think the content practical.In this regard,morethan 80% of teachers and students in both regions want more content,organized-well and practical;More teachers and students in Yushu hope that the content is more difficult and "disaster knowledge",but Baoji and Hanzhong's teachers and students hope that content is easy and more "disaster prevention and mitigation measures and skills".2,In addition to more teachers and high school students in both regions for Natural disaster and prevention content that "disaster knowledge" as much as "disaster prevention and mitigation measures and skills" and contact with the local level is not very close,there is a big difference between the evaluation of other content.More Yushu's teachers and high school students to evaluate the content easier,but more Baoji and Hanzhong's teachers and high school students evaluation content is not very difficult;More teachers in both regions and Baoji and Hanzhong's students evaluation that practical,but Yushu's student evaluation is not practical;Therefore,in addition to more than 80% of teachers and high school students in both regions hope that content is difficult,practical,and contact with the local very close,more teachers in both regions and high school students in Baoji and Hanzhong would like to “disaster prevention and mitigation skills” more,but more high school students in Yushu hope “disaster knowledge” more.3,More teachers in Baoji and Hanzhong believe that sports,history,biology,physics and politics are suitable for infiltration of some disasters and disaster prevention and mitigation education;but more teachers in Yushu that basic education courses are not suitable for disaster education.4,Both teachers and Yushu's students and Baoji and Hanzhong's parents want to increase the class of geography especially in disaster content,but more Yushu's parents and Baoji and Hanzhong'sstudents do not want to.Hope that the school organization to watch disaster prevention and mitigation film video and reading science materials in both regions and Baoji and Hanzhong's students to carry out earthquake escape exercise will be strong;More than 80% of teachers and students in both regions want the school to organize two evacuation exercises and prepare a suitable contingency plan for one semester.Based on the wishes of the above students,teachers and parents,this paper proposes the following suggestions to improve or optimize the education of earthquake disaster in both regions:1,Suggestions for both area:(1)Clear the disaster prevention and mitigationknowledge and skills in the geography of the curriculum requirements.(2)More teachers and students in both regions hope the school to organize evacuation exercises twice a semester.(3)Encouraging students to participate in the development of school contingency plans.2,Suggestions for Yushu area:(1)Pay more attention to disaster knowledge learning.(2)To develop suitable for the local earthquake disaster auxiliary teaching materials.(3)According to the actual situation to carry out multi-form disaster prevention and mitigation activities.3,Suggestions for Baoji and Hanzhong area:(1)To increase the number of disaster prevention and mitigation skills and countermeasures.(2)To carry out students' favorite disaster prevention and mitigation activities.