Comparative Study Of Students' Key Competencies In The Mainland China,Hong Kong And Taiwan

Since the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development presented “key Competencies” formally in 1997,numerous countries,regions and many international organizations had bring it into elementary education curriculum reform.As in March 2014,the ministry of education promulgated the policy about comprehensively deepening the curriculum reform and practicing the fundamental task on moral values establishment and people cultivation which put forward that to develop the system of students' key competencies,cultivating it in teaching,improving students to develop with their own characteristics and overall,the key competencies has been a hot topic in the field of basic education and the key research project,and be regarded as the key of a new stage in the new curriculum reform.In this context,it is necessary for us to delve into the key competencies,and draw lessons from the successful experience to develop and cultivate students' key competencies.The theoretical research and practical exploration of key competencies in Hong Kong and Taiwan is earlier than that in Mainland area.So,analyzing the key competencies of Hong Kong and Taiwan,then comparing them with that in Mainland area can deepen the understanding of key competencies,enrich the research in Mainland area.What is more important is to find the shortcoming in the key competencies in Main area,and draw lessons from advanced experience in Hong Kong and Taiwan.In this way,we can provide a developmental idea for the key competencies in Mainland area,and let students better get it.This paper compare and analyze the background,connotation,dimensions,elements,curriculum and teaching and so on six aspects of the key competencies in Mainland area,Hong Kong and Taiwan by literature study,comparative study and combining with cases to explore the generality and differences.The background of key competencies is similar in the three areas.The difference is the suggested time and occasion.The connotation of key competencies in the three areas all point in the direction of the future,facing the 21 st century for the all-round development of students and lifelong learning.They all believe that the key competencies can be raised,the difference is the purpose.The key competencies in the three areas all owned three dimensions,at the same time owned independent development(independent)and social participation(the social interaction in heterogeneous group).The difference embodied in the cultural foundation owned by the key competencies in Mainland area,but the other two areas don't.What's more is that interactive use of tools(communication)is consisted in Hong Kong and Taiwan,but not in Mainland area.The elements all are clear and specific and point to individuals and society.And they all pay more attention to the personal experience,emotion and values.They all are scientific,authoritative and era.Besides they manifests the combination of modernity and tradition.The difference is that Mainland area emphasis to cultivating humanities background,and the labor consciousness included in the practical innovation quality is only in Mainland,not in the other two areas.The key competencies in Mainland can better manifest the nationality and the inheritance and innovation to the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation.The similarity in curriculum cultivating students' competencies are subject curriculum and school-based curriculum.They all contribute to the key competencies based on their own subject character.The school-based courses all are interdisciplinary,integration,adaptation,characterization and elasticity and more flexibility up one level curriculum.The differences mainly are the way that key competencies integrate into subject curriculum.There are “one” to “all” and “one” to “parts” at the same time in the way in Mainland area.The way is “one” to “all” in Hong Kong,but as a result of each learning field has its own nature and characteristics,so the share of every key competency in each learning field is different.The way in Taiwan is “one” to” parts”.The teaching way to cultivate key competencies is similar in the three areas.The main characteristics are to take students and life as the center,to pay attention to diversification,students' practice and experience.The difference is the time and depth to use the teaching method with the characteristics.Finally,this paper argues that the cultivating way to key competencies is advanced and mature in Hong Kong and Taiwan where the background are similar to the Mainland,so the Mainland can learn the advanced experience from the other two areas.When we use the experiences of Hong Kong and Taiwan,we cannot ignore the specific situation in the Mainland and copy it blindly.Grasp the valued degree of the students' basic knowledge.Pay attention to cultivate students' interpersonal communication literacy,streamline elements and cultivate the key part.Integrated discipline curriculum and zone the learning areas.Well match every stage of education in cultivating students' key competencies.Take the student as the center and utilize teaching strategies neatly.