The Effect Of The Length Of Delay Taking On Delay Of Gratification Among 3 To 5 Year Old Preschoolers

Delay of gratification is a kind of self-control that is willing to give up instant gratification or best-in-class gratification in order to obtain more valuable long-term results,as well as self-control in the waiting period.Many developmental psychologists are concerned about delay of gratification of preschoolers.Studies have shown that 3-5 years is a critical period for early childhood development.The factors that affect delay of gratification of preschoolers are such as physiology,cognition,personality,experimental stimulus,family environment and time-length sensitivity,which become the focus of attention of researchers.Ito and others also control the value of the reward and the length of delay,found that 5-year-old preschoolers on the value of the changes in the reward more sensitive,6-year-old preschoolers are more sensitive to changes in the length of delay.While Nancy and others believe that 4-year-old preschoolers have been sensitive to the length of delay.It can be seen that the length of 4-5 year-old preschoolers' delay to delay of gratification in the impact of the researchers have different conclusions.The differences of delay of gratification between 3-year-old preschoolers and 4-5 year-old preschoolers is not clear.In addition,Sophie and others found that 3-4 year-old preschoolers had better control on delay of gratification than 2-year-old preschoolers',but the length of delay extended to a certain extent,3-4 year-old preschoolers choose to give up waiting earlier than 2-year-old preschoolers.If putting control on the length of delay,will delay of gratification of 3-5 years old preschoolers will be affected?To what length,the delay will be increased?There are more answers to be found.By combing the research paradigm of delay,we find that there are variants of self-imposed delay paradigm,externally imposed delay paradigm,gift delay paradigm,payment delay paradigm and delay gratification paradigm change type.The variants are the exchange task and the cumulative task.But the same use of self-imposed delay paradigm,the researchers have different conclusions.Lizhu Yang and others believed that the preschoolers in the case of two awards at the same time,to compare the value of the two kinds of reward occupied a large proportion of the waiting period,which extend the delay time.In the exchange task of delay of gratification the paradigm,the preschooler has many options to choose,which may make the value of the comparison on the two kinds of reward behavior weakened.Therefore,in order to reduce the comparison of the value of the two kinds of rewards,this study adopts the exchange task delay gratification paradigm and find out the effect of the length of delay on delay of gratification to 3-5 year-old preschoolers.To this end,this study to AB two kindergartens 231 3-5 years old preschoolers as the research objects,designed two experiments to study.Experiment 1 studies the effect of the length of delay on delay of gratification in preschoolers.Because the length of delay set in experiment 1 is short,it is not possible to know when the preschooler will choose to immediate gratification.Therefore,Experiment 2,the length of delay is set at half a day and one day.Because of the longer time,preschoolers may fail to exchange without keeping the rewards,so the use of self-imposed delay paradigm to study the length of delay taking on preschoolers' delay gratification-making in preschoolers.For the collected data,we used SPSS 16.0 for entry,sorting and analysis.In the process of specific data processing,for Experiment 1 we used the description statistics and the analysis of repeated measurement variance;for experiment 2 we used the description statistics and two-factor analysis of variance.Based on the research conditions of this study,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)With the age of growth,3-5 years old preschoolers to delay of gratification time are extended,5 years old preschoolers to delay of gratification is stronger than 3 years old preschoolers.(2)With the increase of the shorter length of delay(15-240 seconds),the number of 3-5 years old preschoolers who complete the delay of gratification task decreases.(3)With the increase of the longer length of delay(half day,one day),the number of 5-year-old preschoolers choose delay of gratification reduces,but the performance of 4-year-old preschoolers is the opposite.(4)The interactive effect of different length of delay and age on preschoolers' delayed decision-making is significant.There is no significant difference in delay of gratification between 4-year-old and 5-year-old preschoolers when the length of delay is half day,and there is a significant difference between 4-year-old and 5-year-old preschoolers.Based on the conclusion of this study,we put forward three suggestions:(1)The development of delay of gratification for 3-5 years old preschoolers has shown its continuity and periodicity.For the training of delay of gratification of preschoolers,teachers and parents should set their task on delay of gratification according to their physiological factors,characteristics and other aspects and comply with the regular pattern of mental development;(2)5-year-old preschoolers' delay of gratification decision-making is affected by both incentives and the length of delay,when 5-year-old preschoolers choose instant satisfaction,teachers and parents should analyze specific issues in a concrete way so as to avoid subjectively believing that their delay of gratification is weak or too demanding,so as not to suppress their really self-performance;(3)In the training of delay of gratification on 4-5-year-old preschoolers,teachers and parents need to pay attention to the effect of the length of delay taking on preschoolers' delay of gratification,and set different lengths of delay pertinently to improve it.