A Study On Teaching Practice Based On Learning By Design

In the era of "Internet+",improving students' skills in 21 st century and cultivating innovative talents have gradually become the focus in all over the world.In recent years,a series of innovative educational programs have been launched around the world in order to accelerate the realization of "A Nation of Makers",to improve students' ability of innovation,problem-solving and hands-on design.Under this background,Scratch,which has the idea of "imagine,create and share",is welcomed by more and more primary and middle school teachers and students.Therefore,Scratch is also responsible for the important task of cultivating the creative practical ability of primary and middle school students in the stage of basic education.However,how to truly integrate the new educational concept into the teaching of Scratch is still worth paying attention.According to the practical observation in the middle and primary schools and the current investigation of the Scratch course conducted by the information technology teachers in the primary and middle schools,we find that there are some problems in the teaching of Scratch.The teachers mainly teach in the classroom,and the students just imitate blindly.This is inconsistent with the demands of the times and the requirements of students' ability development.Based on this problem,the author found that Learning by Design has attracted more and more attention,and the application of Learning by Design in different fields and disciplines has gradually increased in recent years.The core point of design-oriented learning is "design",which guides students to learn knowledge and skills in problem-solving by using design thinking and methods.In this open environment,students' individualized characteristics and creativity can be brought into full play and promoted.This is consistent with the concept of skills and the idea of innovative education in 21 th century.Therefore,the author tries to incorporate the idea of Learning by Design into the teaching of Scratch,and construct the "Scratch instructional activity based on Learning by Design" and practice it in the Scratch school-based curriculum of the sixth grade,to explore the impact of Learning by Design on students' innovative ability and problem-solving ability,and whether the "Learning by Design on Scratch teaching activity design" can successfully guide the teaching of Scratch.Firstly,this study analyzes the connotation and characteristics of Learning by Design and Scratch,and finds out the appropriateness of them.Secondly,according to the design based on the scientific research cycle model proposed by Kolodner,combining with the Scratch's teaching characteristics and existing problems,and taking cultivating students' innovative ability and problem-solving ability as the core,the author constructed the "Scratch instructional activity based on Learning by Design".In the end,the ‘Scratch Fun Programming' in the sixth grade of a primary school in S city was used as an example to conduct for a semester for teaching practice research.During the practice,we continuously improved "Scratch instructional activity based on Learning by Design".Finally,the author compares the changes of students' ability of innovation and problem-solving between in the beginning of semester and the end of semester by interviewing method and classroom observation method,and verified that the application of Learning by Design in teaching practice has a good teaching effect.At the same time,this research also provided a certain experience for primary and secondary school teachers to carry out Scratch curriculum.