| Objective In the study,physical fitness and health data of Tibetan and Han primary and secondary students be collected about in HeZuo in 2013~2017.Based on this data,the trend of dynamic changes in physical fitness correlation index of primary and secondary school students was studied,and different genders and ethnic groups were compared.To understand the physical and healthy development about students,and provide references for further improving the students'physical quality level and nutritional status.Methods A census method was used to retrieve physical and health data of Tibetan and Han students about 7~18 years old from a total of 14 primary and secondary schools in HeZuo from 2013to 2017;the basic requirements of the National Research Workbook on Physical and Health Status of Children and Adolescents were strictly followed,and indexs were measured.Including:(1)body shape indexs:height and weight;(2)physical function indexs:vital capacity;(3)physical quality indexs:speed quality indexs(50 meters run),strength quality indexs(1 minute sit-ups,pull-ups,standing long jump),endurance diathesis index(800 meters for girls,1000 meters for boys),flexibility quality(sit-and-reach);(4)Derivation index:Body mass index(BMI).Using excel and spss22.0statistical software for data recording,collecting,sorting,measurement data in accordance with the normal distribution are described with the meanąstandard(SD)deviation,Categorical data were expressed as rate and constituent ratio.A two-tailed independent-t test was applied for comparisons between groups.Chi-square test was applied for categorical data.A level P<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.The horizontal and vertical analysis of the physical fitness indexs of primary and middle school students was conducted in order to have a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the health status of students in HeZuo city of GanNan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.Results In 2013-2017,Tibetan and Han nationality about 7-18 years old students in HeZuo:(1)body shape:the body shape index were increasing,the height of Tibetan boys werelower than that of the Han boys,the Tibetan girls were not significantly different from that of the Han girls,and the boys were higher than girls.The weight of Tibetan boys werehigher than Han boys,and the Tibetan girls were higher than Han girls,the boys were higher than girls.(2)physical function:the physical function index were decreasing.Vital capacity of the Tibetan boys werehigher than Han boys,the Tibetan girls werehigher than Han girls,the boys were higher than girls.(3)physical quality:the physical quality index has different trends.The reaction speed of quality in running 50 meters running showed a rising trend.The Tibetan boys were 9.10s which was lower than Han boys 9.05s.the Tibetan girls were 9.68s which was higher than Han girls 9.77s,and the boys were higher than the girls.The reaction strength in one minute sit ups,standing long jump,pull ups showed a downward trend.The 1 minute sit ups of the Tibetan boyswere30.91/min which was higher than that of the Han boys30.28/min.The Tibetan girlswere29.70/min which was not significantly different from the Han girls29.97/min,and the Tibetan boys were higher than of the Tibetan girls.The standing long jump,There was no obvious difference between the the Tibetan boyswere204.95cm and the Han boys204.32cm,and the Tibetan girls were163.28cm which was higher than that of the Han girls161.38cm,and the boys were higher than the girls.The upward level of the Tibetan students showed a downward trend with the growth of the year,and the upward level of the Han students increased with the growth of the year,while the Tibetan students were9.64/min which was higher than the Han students8.13/min.The reaction of endurance about 800 meters running and 1000 metersshowed an upward trend with the growth of the year.The800 meters running level of Tibetan girls were246.59s whichwas higher than that of Han girls250.46s.The 1000 meters running level of Tibetan boys were257.54s whichwas higher than the Han boys266.42s.The reaction offlexibility sit-and-reach showed an upward trend with the growth of the year.,the Tibetan boys were9.76cm which was higher than that of the Han boys7.79cm,the Tibetan girls were11.11cm which was lower than that of the Han girls9.48cm,and the boys was lower than the girls.The level of BMI showed an upward trend with the growth of years,the Tibetan boys were18.06kg/m~2 which was higher than that of Han boys17.64 kg/m~2,and the overall level of BMI in Tibetan girls were18.19 kg/m~2 which was higher than that of Han girls17.52 kg/m~2,and there was no significant difference between boys and girls.(4)nutritional status:In 2013-2017,the nutritional status of Tibetan students and Han nationality students in 7-18 years old in HeZuo has been greatly improved.There was a significant decline in the rate of malnutrition among the students,in which the stunting,the severe wasting and the mild wasting were all decreasing(P<0.05),the overweight rate was basically flat,and the obesity rate increased obviously(P<0.05).The rate of malnutrition of Tibetan students were lower than that of Han students(the stunting rate of Tibetan students were higher than Han students.The severe wasting rate of Tibetan students were lower than that Han students.The mild wasting rate of Tibetan students were lower than Han students);the overweight rate of Tibetan fitness and physical function of Tibetan and Han students.Conclusion(1)The level of body shape development of the students about Tibetan students and Han students in HeZuo increased significantly.(2)The level of vital capacity decreased significantly.(3)The quality of speed,endurance,and quality of flexibility have been further improved,and the strength has declined.(4)The nutritional status of students continued to improve,the rate of malnutrition dropped significantly,and the rate of obesity increased.(5)The nutritional status has a significant impact on the failure rate of students'physical fitness index.Suggestion Under the background of the continuous improvement of the physical health of students throughout the country,it is meaningful to continuously strengthen and improve the physical health of students from ethnic minorities and rural poor areas.The"Nutrition Improvement Plan"should be implemented to help improve the health of students;use the role of the school"leader"to strengthen the education of students'nutritional knowledge,and urge students to strengthen physical exercise;establish and improve the management of student health records;recommend relevant government departments form a platform with schools,parents,students to jointly improve and maintain the orderly,efficiently,and healthy development of children and adolescents in minority areas and poverty areas. |
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