| The rural residential area is a comprehensive product of the interaction between human activities and natural conditions under the specific background of geographical environment and social economic, and its changes are influenced by the natural environment, social economic level and policy system. As the macroscopic background of the spatial distribution of the rural residential area, the landscape of the rural residential area, to a certain extent, restricts the rural residential land scale, density, layout and expansion trend. It is the most direct and basic key factor in the formation of the rural residential area. At present, the related research is insufficient. Based on the platform of Fragstas3.3 and ArcGis10.2, this paper takes Fuzhou city as an example, and analyzes the distribution patterns and characteristics of the space of rural residents in different landform from horizontal and vertical aspects. It is of great significance to correctly identify and judge the spatial distribution patterns and characteristics of the rural residential areas, reveal the spatial evolution law and the development of human and land, and promote the regional land use planning, the rural residential land consolidation and the overall development of urban and rural areas.This study selects Fuzhou city which is dominated by mountainous region and hilly land as the research area, collects the data of land Use Change in 2009/2013, Landsat ETM+Remote Sensing Data in 2000/2005, Land Use Changing Investigation Data and related statistical information, and uses the land use model, the single land use dynamic degree model, the Markoff transfer matrix model, the ArcGIS spatial analysis method, and the quantity analysis method of landscape ecology to analyze the land scale, spatial distribution characteristics, scale difference and shape patterns and their temporal evolution process and influence factors of five geomorphic regions in Fuzhou City Plain Area (HeshangTown), and Taidi Area (SanshanTown), Intermountain Basin (BanbongTown),Hilly Area (ChiyuanTown),Mountain Area (XiabaTownship) and Island Area (Lancheng Township). The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1) During the period of 2000-2013, the total scale and the per capita land use scale of rural residential land in the typical villages and towns showed a constant increasing trend. In different landform areas, the scale of rural residential land, the degree of change and the rate of change were significant difference. The total size of residents in rural areas: SanshanTown>HeshangTown>BanbongTown>ChiyuanTown>XiabaTownship>Lancheng Township; Per capita rural residential land:Xiaba Township>Chiyuan Town>Banbong Town>HeshangTown>SanshanTown>LanchengTownship; Land-use change amplitude and single land use dynamics:XiabaTownship>LanchengTownship>BanbongTown> ChiyuanTown>HeshangTown>SanshanTown.Rural residential land in different landform areas were mainly mutual transfer with the farmland.(2) The rural residential in typical villages and towns had the characteristics of high value agglomeration, from 2000 to 2013, their scale dynamic variation characteristics were similar. The scale of "cold and hot spot" expanded with the expansion of the scale of the rural residential area in the local area. The large scale distribution of rural residential areas and small scale agglomeration distribution coexisted, and the distribution density gradually increased over time. As its individual landform and physiognomy, the scale of "cold and hot spot" and its distribution of rural residential were significantly different in four years.(3) From 2000 to 2013, the spatial distribution of the rural settlements in the typical villages and towns all showed a more significant cluster distribution pattern, and further enhanced with time. Further analysis of nuclear density:The rural residential area all showed multi core distribution in the space, and the size of the rural residential area and the number of patches increased significantly in some areas of the typical villages and towns. Therefore the spatial distribution of nuclear density values increased gradually. Nuclear value zone (median region of nucleus, nuclear density sub high value region and the nuclear high value area) gradually changed from scratch, from low to high, from small to large, and the nuclear position basically unchanged. Along with the new rural construction, village planning and land improvement, the spatial distribution pattern and the shape of each patch of rural residential area tend to be linear, on the whole tend to be simple, and the shape difference between the patch and the patch was gradually reduced.(4) In different landform areas, the natural geographical environment, location conditions, the level of social and economic development were different.Therefore the agglomeration degree, the spatial distribution density, and the shape pattern of rural residential were very different. Xiaba Township and Chiyuan Town which are mainly hills and mountains exist mainly as a single small patches and patch edge was regular and simple. Sanshan Town, Heshang Town, Lancheng Township, and Bandong Town with a relatively flat plain, platform, sand and mountain basin all showed large patch cluster distribution. Large plaque was formed by small plaque agglomeration, and its edge was relatively complex.(5) Landscape elements such as slope, terrain, topography, river and road had a significant impact on the spatial distribution of rural residential area. The rural residential areas were mainly concentrated in the flat terrain (<10m), gentle slope (0-10 degrees), close to the water source (from the river< 1500m) and convenient transportation (distance road <500m) of the region, all of them showed a large patch distribution pattern. |
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