| As a strategic pillar industry of national economy development, the development of tourism industry has got much continuous attention by tourism scholars at home and abroad. In recent years, its rapid development has brought a lot of economic, social and ecological benefit. Growing tourist reception of visitors, however, can promote the city's overall development level, at the same time, it also can bring some problems, such as the structural imbalance between supply and demand of tourism, regional development is imbalance and so on. In early 2016, vice premier of the state council Wang Yang pointed out "to speed up the transformation of the mode of tourism development and strive to promote the reform of tourism supply side" at the third plenary session of tourism inter-ministerial meeting, which further illustrates the "pursuit of tourism supply and demand balance, to crack the mismatch between supply and demand" is of great importance. The rapid development of tourism industry drived the rapid development of the regional economy, but the development of the tourism industry needs to rely on the environment, consume resources, which may had a devastating effect on the ecological environment system. Tourist flow is the explicit representation of the travel demand, regional economy and ecological environment can provide the necessary tourism supply for the tourist activities, with the sustainable development theory and collaborative theory is widely used in tourism research, how to understand and coordinate the interaction between tourism flow-regional economy-ecological environment, has been the hot topic of academic research, as well as an important topic that regions need to research and solve.This paper based on the national natural science fund project "the tourist flows and destination coupling:factor, model and the mechanism study of inbound tourism in six major cities" (NO.41271158)", place the tourist flow system, regional economy system and ecological environment system in the same platform based on system theory, coordinated development, coupling theory and so on, using the system comprehensive development level model, the coupling model and coupling coordination degree model, establish the evaluation index system of "three dimensional coupling" on the basis of reviewing existing research results andinterpreting related concept and connotation, and further build DRF "three-dimensional coupling" dynamic interaction mechanism model.The main research contents include:firstly, evaluated the comprehensive development level of three systems and the status of the coupling coordination of six major cities; secondly, using the way of much time contrast, analyze the "three-dimensional coupling" coordinated development status of six major cities from temporal evolution of aspects of longitudinal, summarizes the trend of sequence evolution; thirdly, using the method of standard deviation and coefficient of variation, studied the regional differences and spatial variation of "three-dimensional coupling" coordinated development in east and west cities from horizontal space difference level.The main research conclusions:(1) The comprehensive development level of three dimensional system:In addition to the special years, the comprehensive evaluation value of tourist flow system, regional economic system and ecological environment system of six cities from 1995 to 2014 are generally on the rise. In phases, the system development degree and speed are different, and the gap is narrowing. On the whole, the evolution volatility of tourist flow system and ecological environment system of six cities is bigger in the 20 years, the regional economic evolution trend are more stable. The intercity differences of tourist flow and ecological environment system development in six cities are apparent, the interregional differences of regional economic system development is apparent, which illustrate the spatial unbalance of the first two systems is better thanthe regional economy development.(2) The coordination of "three-dimensional coupling":the "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree of tourist flow-regional economy-ecological environment in six major cities from 1995 to 2014 are growing. In addition to the chengdu for good coordination, the rest of the city in 2014 are characterized by high quality coordination state, which indicate the coupling effect of three systems are strengthening, and it has a good development momentum. "Three-dimensional coupling coordination degree of size is mutual influenced by tourism flow system, the regional economic system and ecological system, any system changes will lead to changes in the overall coupling coordination degree, only the mutual promotion and common development, the three systems to achieve a benign state of resonance coupling coordination.(3) The temporal evolution of coordination degree:The "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree in six major cities has experienced the evolution from disorder to coordinate, gap tends to narrow. In phases, the "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree in six major cities are growing at different stages, from disorder to coordinate gradually, and gap tends to narrow. From the point of continuous development of 20 years, the development level of the average annual growth of tourist flow and ecological environment in eastern cities are relatively quickly, regional economic development is relatively slow, in the whole, the "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree is higher than western cities. From the point of coordinated development degree type in recent five years, the average degree of coordinated development in Beijing, Gusngzhou and Chengdu are regional economy ahead of development-oriented, the development of tourism flow and ecological environment are relatively lag; the average degree of coordinated development in Shanghai, Xi'an and Kunming are ecological environment ahead of development-oriented, the development of tourism flow and regional economy are relatively lag. From the point of different time section, the "three-dimensional coupling" co-ordination degree in six major cities has experienced the temporal evolution trend from low to high, from disorder to coordinate, from the "tourist flow ahead of development-oriented" to " regional economy ahead of development-oriented".(4) The spatial differences of coordination degree:The "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree in six major cities of tourist flow-regional economy-ecological environment are relatively balanced and regional differences are narrowing. From the point of the average "three-dimensional coupling" coordination development level in six major cities of the 20 years, either the system comprehensive development level or the coordinated development level of the "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree, we can find that the eastern cities are higher than the western cities and there are obvious level differences between them. From the point of the average level of development in recent 5 years, the system development level and the coordination degree has improved, though western cities are still behind, the differences are narrowing. From the point of regional differences, the regional differences of the "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree in six major cities from 1995-2014 changes in volatility, the overall performance for convergence, which illustrate that the "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree in six major cities in current are relatively balanced, regional differences are narrowing. From the point of space mutation, the interregional differences and intercity differences of the "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree in east and west tourist area from 1995 to 2014 shows a tendency to narrow on the whole, the Overall differences has experienced such a process:"the tourism internal differences being primary, regional differences being auxiliary ", "the tourism regional differences being primary, internal differences being auxiliary ", "the tourism internal differences being primary, regional differences being auxiliary ".The innovation points of the paper:(1) Innovation of research perspectives. Put forward the new concept of the "three-dimensional coupling" coordinated development. Put the tourist flow, regional economies and ecological environment on the same platform, propose the"three-dimensional coupling" and the "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree firstly, then induce the DRF interaction mechanism model of the interaction coupling of the three system. At the same time, study the coordination relation of "three-dimensional coupling", breakthrough the limitations of the dual coupling in tourism.(2) Innovation of research methods. Analyzed the time and space differences of the coordination relation of "three-dimensional coupling". The paper based on the coupled mathematical model, analysis the temporal and spatial difference of the coordination relation of "three-dimensional coupling"; in the e temporal evolution analysis, with the method of time division comparison, the contrast of 20 years, the contrast of nearly 5 years and time section comparison during different period; in the spatial difference analysis, based on the difference comparison of the coupling coordination development level on average, regional difference analysis and spatial variation analysis, systematically analyzed the lateral comparison and the longitudinal comparison differences of the typical tourist cities in east and west.(3) Innovation of research content. Studied the type, the difference of internal structure and the temporal evolution law of "three-dimensional coupling". The paper rows the "three-dimensional coupling" coordination degree of six major cities in recent 5 years into two types based on the calculation and comparison of coupling data, and analysis the differences between them. And summarized its temporal evolution trend through the analysis and comparison of the coupling coordination status. Discusses the source pattern of its development difference based on the analysis of coupling coordination degree differences in six major cities. The above enrichs the content of tourism coupling.However, the study still remains some limitations:the construction of index system need to be tested, the selection scope of the case should be expanded, the research breakthrough point should be perfect and so on. The follow-up studies should pay more attention. |
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