Research And Implementation Of A Wide Range Of Solar Tracking Systems

The incident angle of sunlight has a significant effect on the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells.In the solar focusing system,it also has strict requirements on the incident angle of sunlight.Therefore,it is very important to design a solar tracking system which can track in real-time.Now the two main popular ways of tracking are the movement trajectory tracking and photoelectric tracking,where the tracking agencies generally use the angle-azimuth dual-axis tracking device.Photoelectric tracking has the advantages of high positioning accuracy,tracking flexibility,and lower prices.In this paper,the current technology development of solar tracking,is firstly introduced,then we present a tracking system based on photoelectric tracking and angle-azimuthal biaxial mechanical structure.The system uses ARM-based STM32F103 controller,the photoelectric sensors,stepper motor,tracking agencies to achieve the tracking of sunlight.In this paper,we study the methods of solar tracing and the positioning of the sun in the elevation angle-azimuth tracking method.Through the comparison of several kinds of tracking methods,combined with the theoretical knowledge and previous research results,a new three-cell positioning tracking and simulation of the sun trajectory tracking method is proposed,and the realization scheme of the system’s three-cell positioning is finally determined.At the same time,the entire system hardware circuit and software programming are finished.The main works are listed as follows.1.The basic knowledges of SCM,PCB circuit board are introduced firstly,the principle of photovoltaic cells is presented,then the STM32 minimum system composition and working principle are introduced,and finally the system includes several modules are introduced,which including voltage acquisition module,Motor control module,and host computer module.The schematic diagram of each module is depicted,and the working principle and functions of each module are described in detail.2.The running environment of the system software is presented firstly.Then the system software development flow chart is introduced Finally the main system software modules are presented,which includes the system initialization,touch screen module,serial communication module,the sun light collection module,and the motor module TIn the last chapter,the process of system debugging and the related results are introduced.The results of experiment acquisition and operation are discussed,and the method of precision measurement is put forward.Results shows the validation of hardware and software design,and the accurate system tracking is demonstrated.