Study On The Spatial Distribution Of Crops In Shaanxi During The Qing Dynasty

Based on the records of the six major natural areas in Shaanxi Province and the county as the basic administrative units,this paper explores the temporal and spatial characteristics of crop distribution in Shaanxi,Thermal conditions and other factors that affect the distribution of crop areas outside the substrate.The spatial distribution of grain crops in Shaanxi in the Qing Dynasty was selected to explore five representative crops of wheat,rice,maize,sweet potato and sweet potato.The wheat crop is the traditional grain crop,and the distribution range is wide,but the wheat and wheat are mainly distributed in the Guanzhong plain area.The hilly and gully areas of the loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi are dominated by buckwheat and highland barley.Millet millet The rice crop is widely distributed in southern Shaanxi.Corn in the Ming Wanli years after the introduction of the county after the continuous promotion to the Qinling Mountains and more mountainous areas,the majority of people to package Valley as the staple food.Sweet potatoes,potatoes from the Qianlong years,government officials to actively promote the planting of Shaanxi Qinba mountain more.The distribution of economic crops in Shaanxi in the Qing Dynasty showed a certain commercial characteristics due to economic development.Selected silkworm mulberry,cotton,poppy,tobacco leaf,tea five kinds of regional changes in the crop were discussed.Silkworm mulberry industry in the late Ming war affected,but in the early Qing Dynasty in the officials to persuade the market,driven by the interests of the development of the increasingly recovery,Hanzhong Basin,Guanzhong Plain widely planted mulberry,silk selling all over the late period due to cotton textile industry flourishing,planting range Diminishing.Cotton industry due to lucrative,growing regional expansion,Guanzhong Plain is the center of Shaanxi cotton industry.The late Qing Dynasty,the machine cotton textile industry flourishing,foreign cotton incoming,opium poppy cultivation,are leading to cotton field planting area is shrinking.Poppy in the Opium War only sporadic distribution,and then driven by profit,the distribution of a wide range,but also to Hanzhong Basin,Guanzhong Plain is the most prominent.Tobacco introduced in the Ming Dynasty,the first planting in the Weibei area,because the profit far more than the grain,then quickly extended to the province,but the Weihe River,Han River basin planting area,high quality.Tea due to warm and humid climate,only Qinba mountain planting for more,Qianlong years,Ziyang,Ning Qiang is the formation of a regional cultivation.In the Qing Dynasty,there were fruit trees distributed in Shaanxi Province.However,this paper mainly explored the fruit trees which were cultivated and formed in a certain area.According to the investigation,there were some famous specialties,such as northern Shaanxi jujube and Shangluo walnut.to date.At the same time,the regional characteristics of obvious,such as the Guanzhong Plain peach trees planted more than his town;This paper analyzes the influence of the natural environment on the cultivation of fruit trees in the three regions,and analyzes the regional advantages of jujube cultivation,Shangluo walnut and chestnut in northern Shaanxi as an example,which reflects the development of the specialty products according to local conditions.Through the discussion of fruit processing and sales,the side reflects the differences in the distribution and distribution of fruit trees in different regions,and summarizes the distribution characteristics of fruit tree cultivation.Qing Dynasty Shaanxi prefectures are vegetable cultivation,of which,Huazhou rich green onions,yam,with the state of pepper,Fuping lotus,Hanzhong winter leek,the city of solid turmeric,are the Department of special dishes,Continues to this day.Because of the cultivation of vegetables and more family in the various units in the sale,according to the investigation of a Qing Dynasty Shaanxi local magistrate found that there is no large-scale regional cultivation,and many types,it is difficult to classify the narrative,so this article mainly discusses foreign vegetables(pumpkin,Cabbage,pepper,wild beans and other vegetables)to promote the introduction and analysis of its temporal and spatial characteristics.For example:pumpkin introduced in the Wanli years,the rapid development of Kangxi years,the formation of a certain scale of cultivation,there "workers”.Bulb cabbage in Shaanxi in the promotion of planting is the formation of Yulin and Guanzhong two introduced cultivation area.Throughout the Qing Dynasty,Shaanxi crop distribution to the natural environment(hydrothermal conditions)as the fundamental constraints,introduction and promotion of alien species,immigration,water conservancy and rehabilitation,re-farming system to promote the update of crop species.Policy-oriented and commercial development,into the capitalist production system to promote the formation of regional,large-scale production.All kinds of factors together,so that the distribution of Shaanxi crop in the Qing Dynasty showed a certain temporal and spatial characteristics.