Research On The Khorasan Avenue In The Middle Section Of The Silk Road From The 8th To 10th Centuries

Silk Road is Eurasia's oldest commodity exchanges,national integration and cultural exchange channel,connecting the Chinese civilization in East Asia,Islamic civilization in Central Asia and Western Asia and Christian civilization in Europe.The three civilizations in the world in the distribution range were formed after Islamic civilization stationed in Central Asia in the middle of 7th century.The fusion of the Islamic culture and other cultures and the Muslim-led trade on the middle Silk Road began in the 7th century.At present,overland Silk Road once again become the focus of various countries along the Silk Road in the context of China's "The Belt and Road",which received enthusiastic response from the Muslim countries of Central Asia.Therefore re-study the culture and commerce in early development of the Islamic civilization in Central Asia and Iran is particularly meaningful.8-10 century was the period of Islamic civilization spread to the East,Islamic culture absorbed the local cultures of Persia and Central Asia and one of the big prosperity of Khorasan under control of Muslims.Persia and the River area were under the control of the Muslims after the military Chief Qutayba ibn Muslim in late Umayyad Dynasty conquered Khorasan.Abbasids Muslims maximized the geographical region of Khorasan Province after they undertook the heritage of Umayyad Dynasty.Economic and cultural of Khorasan Province became more prosperous,and thus the period is the most prosperous period of Khorasan High Road.The Khurasan High Road,however,had been used widely as an ambiguous notion.So this assay uses literature from the period and historical relics to clarify the concept of the Great Khurasan Road,which is the road from Baghdad to the Great Khurasan and across the Great Khurasan.At the same time the road has a historical and spatial nature because of the changed territory of the Great Khurasan.This essay also studies the route of the Great Khurasan Road in detail,which started in Baghdad and went through Hamandan,Rayy,Nishaour,Merv,Bukhara,Samarqand,Zamin,and reached the Upper Nushgjan that was the frontier of the Tang Dynasty.The essay choose the most prosperous cities(Rayy,Nishaour,Merv)to study those cities' history and urban scale on the Khurasan High Road.It also analyses the importance of the road in changing wares and cultural communication amongst the Tang Dynasty,the Abbasid Dynasty and the districts along the Khurasan High Road.This paper contains the following chapters:Chapter One introduces the political,commercial and cultural construction and achievement of the Great Khorasan Province that ruled by Umayyad Dynasty,Abbasid Dynasty,Tahir Dynasty,saffarid Dynasty and Samanid Dynasty in the 8th to 10th centuries.It also analysis the Great Khorasan Province controlled by Tahir Dynasty,saffarid Dynasty and Samanid Dynasty in the late Abbasid Dynasty,but three a dynasty are admitted Baghdad caliphates' sovereignty,which means the Great Khorasan Province keep unified form.As the same time,Islamic culture became more and more important in the province in 9th century.That is,the Great Khorasan Province maintained the political and cultural unity,geographic scope includes Persian and Transoxiana.Therefore,the Khorasan High Road coincides with the middle section of the Silk Road.Chapter Two researches the name origin of Khorasan and the Khorasan High Road.And then analysis the Great Khorasan Province of geographic range with the works of Muslim geographers and historians:to Merv for Center and around area;to Balkh,and Tukharistan for Center and around area;to Herat and Nishaour for Center and around area and Mawara'a al-Nahr(Transoxiana).Finally this essay also studies the route of the Great Khurasan Road in detail,which started in Baghdad and went through Hamandan,Rayy,Nishaour,Merv,Bukhara,Samarqand,Zamin,and reached the Upper Nushgjan that was the frontier of the Tang Dynasty.Chapter Three discusses the representative cities'(Rayy,Nishaour,Merv)history,urban scale,urban architectures,mosques and market constructions on the Khorasan High Road that prosperity of the cities and trades.Chapter Four,first shows the prosperity of commercial trade on the Khorasan High Road in 8-10 century through research Government management the on markets,the different commodities in different cities' markets,ceramic technology and textile technology.Once again the assay analysis the Islamic culture has gradually become the mainstream culture of the Great Khorasan Province and promoted the area trade and cultural prosperity through research the Islamization process of Khorasan Province.At the same time,it analyzes the trade on the Khorasan High Road prompt the Islamic culture has been gradually absorbed the Persian culture and became thrive.Conclusion part,discusses this paper of the chapter points argument to the center arguments:geographic range of the Great Khorasan Province including Persian and Transoxiana in 8-10 century;the Khorasan High Road that from Baghdad to the Great Khorasan Province that coincided with the middle Silk Road;under the unified of political and culture,the Khorasan High Road promote prosperity of trade,technology and culture.