A Philosophical Reflection On Bioethics

Recently,the science and technology have achieved rapid developments,with emerging discipline and interdiscipline springing up.Especially for the breadth and depth of the life science and technology in the late of 20 th century.Although the human have obtained great achievements on the exploring,controlling and changing of the life,the conducts are instrumental rationality,and provoking intense discussions on life science.The extremely controlling and intervening of life would induce conflicts with ethics,and stripping disenchantment of the life.Being directed against the problems brought about the life science,domestic and foreign well-known scholars forward different views and trying to perfect the bioethics.The bioethics developed rapidly along with the development of life science,but there are still divergences in this research region,lacking unified judgments standard.In this paper,the view of life was discussed on the aspects of critical positivism and technological determinism.The bioethics was analyzed in term of philosophical reflections,obtaining the reenchantment,honor and freedom of life,i.e.the life on ethics.The life science is a practice of people learning and reforming the world.The practice should be constrained under the absolute command of moral law,avoiding to invasion the honor,freedom and value of life.Human is objective,but the human is also an existence of limited rationality.The practice of human should be limited by the moral imperative,achieving a condition every person is objective but not the tool.Under this condition,the accuracy and effectiveness of bioethics would be achieved.The paper is divided into three parts.In the first part,the emerging background of bioethics was briefly described.The rational operation and comprehending of science on life was criticized and the disenchantment of life and the generation of bioethics by science was analyzed.The technical criteria of life science made the life modularized and disenchanted.Therefore,an ethics crossing moral,law,religion and mass media emerged as the times require.In the second part,the operation of life by the assisted reproductive technology,the human embryonic stem cell technology,the cloning technology,the human experimentation were discussed,exploring the confliction of science with morality.These life sciences brought about well-being to people combining with disaster,being the most concerned problem of bioethics.In the last part,the philosophical reflections of bioethics was resumed.The most important thing of people is living with freedom and honor,earning the value of themselves.However,the action of reason-limited human would defend the others.The extending of life does not meaning the achieving of freedom and honor.In the book of <Critique of practical reason>,the nature of human beings was explained by Immanuel Kant profoundly: found the means to his own end.People control the destiny and detach the phenomenal world by practicing under the constraint of moral imperative.People should not only find the means of himself,but find the means of the others.The constraint of moral imperative does not change with the changing of background and social position.The life science should breakout the constraining of the empirical standard and be constrained by the moral imperative purely,being the philosophical reflection of bioethics.The bioethics should be developed keeping pace with the times,solving different problems with effective methods.However,to whatever degree the bioethics develops,the pure criterion of bioethics must be firmed.The value,honor and freedom of everyone must be guaranteed.