Experimental Research On The Development Of Mathematics Symbolic Consciousness Of Primary School Students

In order to study the development of consciousness of mathematical symbols of pupils and its relationship with mathematical achievement, we compiled a test which is called A cognitive test on consciousness of mathematical symbols of pupils. Totally 507 students,including 268 boys and 239 girls, were selected to participate in the test who come from primary school, from grade 2 to grade 6 and junior high school, grade one. We performed multivariate analysis of variance on the results of test, and it indicated that:1.Realization of symbols:There are significant differences in grade. With the increase of grade, difference between grades is becoming smaller and smaller, and there is a significant difference between first grade and other grades. There are significant differences in mathematical achievement. Correlation between realization of students who get good scores and low scores in math is more closely than that who get high scores, there are significant differences among students who get low scores, but it is opponent among students who get high scores. There are significant differences in the realization of symbols among grade, achievement and gender. On the whole, the interaction is more obvious for the students who have low grade and poor math scores. The interaction of Grade, gender and performance for boys who have poor math scores is more obvious than girls who have good math scores and high grade. There is no significant difference in gender.2.Cognition of symbols:There are significant differences in grade. With the increase of the grade, the difference is more and more significant. There are significant differences in mathematical achievement. The difference between excellent students in mathematical achievement is less significant than that between poor students, but they were significantly different. There is no significant difference in gender, and the interaction show no significant difference among grade, gender and math scores yet.3.Application of symbols:There are significant differences in grade. Specifically, with the increase of the grade, the difference became more obvious. There are significant differences in mathematical achievement. The difference between excellent students is less significant than that between poor students. There is no significant difference in the application of symbols in gender. But in the interaction between grade and gender, there are significant differences. Specifically, scores that boys get in grade one or two are higher than girls', while scores that girls get in grades three to six are higher than boys'. There is no significant difference in other interactions.Conclusion:1.With the increase of the grade, students' consciousness of symbols gradually increased:2.With the improvement of the mathematical achievement, students' consciousness of symbols gradually increased;3.Students' consciousness of symbols shows no significant difference in the aspect of gender;4.Students' consciousness of symbols is influenced by many complicated factors, and there are interactions among multiple variables...