China's Higher Education Equity Research Based On Admission Opportunities, Financial Funds And Income Returns

It is the common goal of society,family and individuals to improve the education level and promote the equitable development of higher education.The number of college students in China has been rising since the government formulated and implemented the college enrollment plan in 1999.However the fairness of higher education has not been properly solved with the increase of higher education opportunities,and the fairness of higher education is concerned by all communities of society.Education equity includes three aspects:the equality of educational conditions,the equality of opportunity and the equal opportunity of academic achievement.Corresponding to the three aspects,this paper reveals higher education fairness from education condition,entrance opportunity and income return of higher education.It includes the following three aspects specifically:First,based on the CFPS data collected in 2014,the Logit regression method is used to analyze the difference between urban and rural areas and among regions in higher education opportunities,and explore the fairness of higher education opportunities.Household registration and regional information have significant impact on individuals' access to higher education.And students in rural areas and southwest areas shows a distinct disadvantage in terms of access to higher education.Entrance opportunity of higher education is unfair in terms of Household registration and regional information.Second,data from the education ministry is used to analyze the current situation of college financial education funds and the regional and provincial analysis of college student budget education fees and utilities in our country from macroscopic view.The financial expenditure of higher education presents the unfair situation of "the uplift of the East and West with the collapse of central" on the condition of higher education.the Gini coefficient of provincial higher education public finance budget and public utilities fees show a decreasing trend on the whole,and appear signs of convergence since 2012.There are differences of financial expenditure between regions and provinces,but the differences among the provincial financial expenditure is narrowing.The higher education is in a relatively fair state from the perspective of financial expenditure.Third,the Propensity Score Matching method is used to measure the income return to higher education after controlling individual heterogeneity.The personal income of higher education is much higher than that of individuals who do not receive higher education,and the long-term income of higher education is high,and shows a trend of rising and then decreasing with age in the long term.However,the average annual income of urban individuals after graduation is significantly higher than the average annual income of rural individuals.Higher education can increase the income,but there are significant differences and unfairness of income return between students in urban and rural areas from the perspective of income return.The equality of higher education is the eternal idea that people pursue.This artical suggests that 1)optimizing the regional structure and inter provincial structure of financial expenditure of higher education;2)pay attention to the elementary education and improve the implementation of educational policy;3)encourage students to receive higher education and employment system tiltes to the rural vulnerable groups to improve the status of higher education in China.This study provide theoretical basis and provide data support for the educational subsidy scale and structure reasonable and equitable development of higher education.It has not only theoretical but also practical significance.