Study On The Governance Model Of Cultivated Land Fragmentation

Cultivated land fragmentation is one of the main problems facing agricultural modernization in China.Cultivated land fragmentation not only wastes cultivated land resources,costs of production and labor but also causes output and efficiency loss.So,it could reduce the scale effect of agricultural.Moreover,it could cause negative externalities that affecting harmonious village construction and amelioration.Cultivated land fragmentation is still severe in our country.Cultivated land fragmentation governance conforms to the development of agricultural productivity in this social and economic transitional period of China.Studying cultivated land fragmentation governance not only riches the fragmentation governance theory but also provides decision-making basis for governing fragmentation.Therefore,studying cultivated land fragmentation governance has important theoretical and practical significance.This paper proposes cultivated land consolidation model against natural cultivated land fragmentation and cultivated land transfer model against property cultivated land fragmentation on the basis on reviewing the content,metrics,causes and governance model of cultivated land fragmentation.And this paper calculating and analyzing the degree of cultivated land fragmentation before and after cultivated land consolidation and transfer using the simple index method and comprehensive evaluation method.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Types and governance modes of cultivated land fragmentationAccording to the origins of cultivated land fragmentation,cultivated land fragmentation is divided into natural fragmentation and property fragmentation.This paper proposes cultivated land consolidation model against natural fragmentation and the key of cultivated land consolidation is land leveling project.Currently,land consolidation includes government-led mode,farmers consortium model and enterprise-led mode.This paper proposes cultivated land transfer model against property fragmentation.Cultivated land transfer could promote the concentration of management rights to make cultivated land be moderate scale operation.Land transfer includes leasing model of spontaneous transfer between farmers,exchanging model of spontaneous transfer between farmers and organized large-scale transfer model between farmers and new types of agricultural businesses.(2)The effect and reasons of cultivated land consolidation modelFarmers consortium model and enterprise-led mode is better than government-led mode at governing cultivated land fragmentation from a theoretical level.On the aspect of positivism analysis,government-led mode is not obvious at decreasing the degree of cultivated land fragmentation.Government-led mode enables the average size of plots increase 0.0006 hm2,the average number of plots decrease 0.08 kuai,the average distance between plots and plots decrease 1.76 m,and the degree of cultivated land fragmentation decrease 0.11%.The degree of cultivated land fragmentation almost unchanged before and after government-led consolidation whether using the simple index method or comprehensive evaluation method.The reasons of the degree of cultivated land fragmentation almost unchanged before and after government-led consolidation come from two aspects:objective factors and subjective factors.Topographic condition and a lack of cultivated land consolidation funds belong to the objective reasons.The subjective reasons are low awareness of project managers on the importance of land leveling that could cause a lack of cultivated land consolidation funds and low willingness of farmers to join farmland leveling.The reasons are the limitation of topographic condition,a lack of farmland consolidation funds,low awareness of project managers on the importance of farmland leveling and low willingness of farmers to join farmland leveling.The variables which affect farmers' willingness to join farmland leveling are whether village cadres,the degree of their contacted land fragmentation,awareness of farmers on land leveling processes,awareness of farmers on the importance of land leveling,urgency of farmers for large-scale production,level of concern about compensating for young crops and ownership adjustment and level of confidence in the construction unit of the project.(3)The effect and reasons of cultivated land transfer modelThe organized large-scale transfer model between farmers and new types of agricultural businesses could effectively reduce the degree of cultivated land fragmentation.New types of agricultural businesses that relatively single compared to the farmers.They not only transfer into large-scale and cultivated land resources but also conduct cultivated land consolidating and ameliorating to get the scale effect of agricultural.The exchanging model of spontaneous transfer between farmers could effectively reduce the degree of cultivated land fragmentation because of concentrating farmers' contracted land.The degree of cultivated land fragmentation of farmers ameliorating their contracted land is lower than the degree of cultivated land fragmentation of farmers not ameliorating their contracted land.Leasing model of spontaneous transfer between farmers is uncertain to reduce the degree of cultivated land fragmentation.The effect lies in farmers' cultivated land amelioration and the distance between transferred land and contracted land.On the aspect of positivism analysis,leasing model of spontaneous transfer between farmers increases the degree of cultivated land fragmentation.Leasing model of spontaneous transfer between farmers enables the average size of plots increase 0.006 hm2,the average number of plots decrease 3.44 kuai,the average distance between plots and plots increase 48.52 m,and the degree of cultivated land fragmentation increase 1.80%.The objective reasons of the effect of cultivated land transfer model limited are immature market of cultivated land transfer,a lack of new types of agricultural businesses,the few farmers joining the organized large-scale transfer model and the transferred land not adjacent to farmers' contracted land.The subjective reasons are farmers' willingness of joining the organized large-scale transfer model needs to be further improved and the willingness of farmers to ameliorating transferred land is low.The transfer rent and farmers' understanding to new types of agricultural businesses affect farmers' willingness to joining the organized large-scale transfer model.Area of contracted land and transfer period affect farmers' willingness to ameliorating transferred land.To improve the effectiveness of cultivated land consolidation model and cultivated land transfer model at governing cultivated land fragmentation,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:First,project managers should improve their awareness on the importance of land leveling;Second,propaganda of land leveling needs to be done to improve farmers' willingness to join land leveling;Third,village cadres' management capacity of the village should be improved by carrying out the training;Fourth,the local government should nurture new types of agricultural businesses through various measures;Fifth,policies need to encourage farmers to ameliorate the land transferred.